246 Philippine Journal of Science ibit 
Plate VIII 
Fig. 1. The site of the former village of Pirapiraso, in the northern part 
of the island, immediately after the eruption. Most of the trees 
in the foreground are broken off close to the ground; also on the 
hills in the background some of the trees are broken, and all 
of them are leafless. The ground between the beach and the hills 
is apparently covered with ash. (Photograph by Martin.) 
2. View from the shore looking east toward the two old craters south 
of Mount Balantoc, October, 1916. The relative abundance and 
size of the clumps of Saccharum is well indicated. The ground 
between the clumps of Saccharum is sparsely covered by low or 
creeping grasses and sedges. A few bushes are seen in the 
backgroimd. 
Plate IX 
Fig. 1. Ipomoea pes-caprae growing along the shore and upon the slopes 
between clumps of Saccharum. Southern shore of Volcano Island, 
west of Calauit Point, October, 1916. 
2. Southern slopes of Mount Binintiang Malaqui, as seen from Guano 
Point. To the right in the foreground is the end of a deltal fan. 
The low ridge back of this is the western end of Mount Balantoc, 
which supports scattered clumps of grass and some trees. The 
trees on Mounts Balantoc and Binintiang Malaqui are seen as 
dark spots in the picture. The trees on the latter mountain are 
widely scattered. They are about as prominent on the other 
slopes of the mountain as in this picture. A comparison of this 
view, taken October, 1916, with Plate VI, fig. 2, shows that trees 
are much less abundant at the present time than before the erup- 
tion. 
Plate X 
Fig. 1. The foot of Mount Balantoc, near the former town of Panipihan. 
(Photograph by Gates, April 18, 1914.) 
2. South from the summit of Mount Binintiang Malaqui. In the fore- 
ground is a horseshoe ridge. Mount Balantoc; in the background, 
the crater with its high southern wall ; in the extreme background 
is Mount Macolod on the mainland. In the background on the 
right from the center are Mounts Tabaro and Saluyan. The 
scattered nature of the vegetation on Mount Balantoc is very 
evident. (Photograph by Gates, April 18, 1914.) 
3. View looking north from near the crater rim toward Mount Tibag 
in the north-central region. The vegetation is almost entirely 
Saccharum spontaneum. (Photograph by Gates. October 25, 
1913.) 
Plate XI 
Fig. 1. View of the southern slope of the northwestern end of Mount Ba- 
lantoc. The vegetation consists mostly of widely spaced clumps 
of Saccharum spontaneum with scattered trees. October, 1916. 
2. The northwestern part of Volcano Island from the rim of the crater 
where Mount Pinag-ulbuan joints the main cone. In the back- 
ground is Talisay Ridge on the mainland. The cone at the end 
of Volcano Island is Mount Binintiang MalaquL In front of 
