248 '^he Philippine Journal of Science 
cone toward Mount Saluyan. In the background on the left is 
Mount Tabaro, on the right is the main crater. The vegetation 
consist of a very sparse development of Saccharum, a few clumps 
of which are seen in the foreground. In the remainder of the 
area the tufts of Saccharum are too small and scarce to show in 
the picture. A comparison of this view with plate II, fig. 1, shows 
that vegetation was very scarce in this area before the eruption 
and consisted of a few trees or shrubs and small scattered clumps 
of a grass, probably Saccharum spontaneum. 
Plate XV 
Fig. 1. The outer slopes of the crater of Taal Volcano as seen from the 
southeast. The effect of erosion on the topography is very 
marked. The vegetation is composed practically entirely of 
scattered clumps of Saccharum spontaneum. On the upper slopes 
Saccharum is reduced to very small tufts. October, 1916. 
2. The crater of Taal Volcano, as seen from the southern rim. Owing 
to the steepness of the slope and the rapidity of erosion, the 
walls are largely bare. The gentle slopes within the crater sup- 
port scattered clumps of Saccharum spontaneum and a few in- 
dividuals of two sedges. October, 1916. 
Plate XVI 
Fig. 1. A typical canon on the slopes of Taal Volcano. 
2. Effect of erosion on the southwestern slopes of Taal Volcano. 
TEXT FIGURES 
Fig. 1. Map of Volcano Island, Lake Bombon, and the surrounding country. 
(Depths and elevations are given in meters.) 
2. Map published by Gates to show the revegetation of Volcano Island. 
The numbers indicate the plant associations as interpreted by 
Gates. 1, Vallisneria association, apparently indicated largely 
by fragments thrown up on the beach; 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent 
marsh or strand vegetation that has apparently disappeared 
through the action of erosion; 6, Ipomoea pes-caprae; 7, grass; 
8 and 9, shrubs and trees, apparently occurring largely as scat- 
tered individuals. 
