Bd. VI: 4) 
THE ECHINOIDEA. 
65 
of one and the same species»; he likewise unites with this species the H. cordatus 
described by Verrill from Kerguelen (1876). The same course was, for the rest, al- 
ready previously adopted by STUDER in his paper on the »Gazelle» Echinoidea (1880). 
Bernard (Echinides recueillis par l’expédition du Cap Horn 1882 — 1883. Bull, du 
Mus. d’hist. nat. 1895. No. 7) goes even farther, uniting with his Tripy lus cavernosus 
not only the two species australis and philippi ( cordatus is not named) but also 
Tripy lus excavatus PHIL. — MEISSNER in 1896 (Die von Herrn Dr. PLATE aus Chile 
heimgebrachten Seeigel) maintains Tripy lus excavatus as distinct besides Hemiaster 
cavernosus , under which latter the rest ( australis , antarctica , philippi and cordatus ) 
are included as synonyms. The same course is followed in his paper »Die Echinoi- 
den d. Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise» 1900, where he further includes 
under Hemiaster cavernosus some specimens distinguished by PFEFFER with the 
M.S. name Hemiaster Agassisii. — Recently two new species have been described, 
viz. H. gallegosensis from Patagonia (De Eoriol, Notes pour servir à l’étude des 
Echinodermes. 2 Sér. II. 1904) and H. elongatus from the South Orkneys (R. Koeh- 
ler, Astéries, Ophiures et Echinides de l’Expédition antarctique nationale Ecossaise. 
Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh. XLVI. 1908). While De Loriol is inclined to regard 
all the previously described species as distinct, KOEHLER joins DöDERLEIN (Echi- 
noiden d. deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1906) in regarding australis , cordatus and 
philippii as synonyms of Hemiaster cavernosus. (In »Résultats du Voyage du S. Y. 
Belgica, 1897 — 1899. Zoologie. Echinides et Ophiures. 1901, p. 13 Prof. KOEHLER 
expresses the opinion that also Tripy his excavatus should be made a synonym of 
Hemiaster cavernosus.) The same view, evidently, is held by Prof. Bell (Echino- 
derma of the National Antarctic Expedition 1908), though not stated explicitly; he 
only states he is inclined to follow A. AGASSIZ in regarding Tripy lus excavatus as 
distinct. — Finally, it may be mentioned that PHILIPPI (Über die chilenischen See- 
igel. Verh. d. deutschen naturwiss. Vereins. Santiago. 1892) names, besides Tri- 
py lus excavatus , cavernosus , australis , also Tr. cordatus (without author name) and 
Tr. Scythei Phil. The latter is evidently meant as a new species, but as it is a 
nomen nudum, it has to be dropped. 
Besides the above mentioned species the following related forms have been de- 
scribed: Tripylus Philippii Gray (Ann. N. H. 1851), Schisaster Moscleyi A. Ag. 
(Challenger Ech.), and a couple of new genera have also been established more re- 
cently, viz. Spatagodesma ( Diomedce ) by A. AGASSIZ 1898 (cf. Panamic Deep Sea 
Echini 1904 p. 198) and Amphipneustes ( Lorioli ) by KOEHLER (Echinides et Ophiures 
de »Belgica» 1901). The former is regarded by its author as nearest related to 
Agassizia ; as I have shown (»Ingolf» Echinoidea II. 1907, p. 114), it is evidently 
only the young of either Abatus or Schisaster ( Brisaster ). The latter is regarded 
by the author as being nearest to Palceopneustes; it is also very nearly related to 
9 — 100133. Schwedische Südpolar-Expedition içoi — içoj. 
