LOWER LIAS. 
15 
upward and outward in its anterior two thirds, more slightly concave in the 
rest of its extent. Of the left ilium an extent of 18 inches is preserved, a part, 
apparently a small one, being wanting from both extremities. The narrowest 
portion of the bone is that which is produced anterior to the first sacral 
rib (ib., s i) ; this portion is 6 inches in extent, triedral in form, 2 inches 6 
lines in breadth where it joins the obtuse, expanded end of that rib. Beyond or 
behind the first sacral abutment the ilium progressively expands to a breadth of 
about 5 inches opposite the fourth abutment (s 4 ). The thickness of the bone, as 
exposed in the fracture of the left ilium, is from 2 inches to 2^ inches. The 
middle third of the substance of the bone shows a rather open, cancellous structure ; 
external to this the texture is much closer, with a compact, peripheral layer of 
from 1 to 2 lines in thickness. The articular cavity for the femur is on the 
under and outer side of that part of the ilium which is opposite its symphysis with 
the first two sacral vertebrae (s 1 and s 2 ). 
The fore-part of the right ilium (G2'), has been thrust away from that junction, 
and the femur (60) is dislocated, passing beneath the ilium, with the head abutting 
against the sacrum. The summit of the great trochanter terminates rather more 
than an inch below the articular head of the bone. The breadth of the femur 
across this part of the trochanter is 3 inches 6 lines. The length of the femur 
(Tab. X, fig. 1, 65 ) is 1 foot 4 inches. The inner process or ridge (^) begins to be 
developed about inches from the head of the bone, and is 2 inches in extent. 
The shaft of the bone at this part is rather flattened, both anteriorly and posteriorly, 
and is most convex externally. It assumes a rounder circumference about 1 inch 
below the inner process, where the bone is 2 inches 4 lines in diameter. Thence 
it expands to the condyles (« and 5 ), becoming flattened anteriorly and concave 
posteriorly. The condyles are but feebly indicated by a shallow notch on the fore 
part, but more distinctly behind, where they are produced backward. The hind 
extremity of the outer condyle ( 5 ) is marked off by a notch from the rest of its 
articular surface lying anterior and external to it. This posteriorly defined part 
articulates with the outer condyloid production of the head of the tibia, the fibula 
articulating with the rest of the outer condyle. The transversely convex fore part 
of the shaft of the femur is divided on each side by a low ridge from the flattened 
surfaces converging towards it, the one from the outer side, the other from the 
inner process (^). The exterior of these ridges is continued further down the bone 
than the opposite one. This femur, being broken across about 6 inches from its 
upper end, shows a medullary cavity of about U inch in diameter, with a compact 
and finally cancellous wall, which is nearly an inch in thickness next the base of 
the inner process, and is about 3 lines in thickness on the opposite side of the 
shaft (Tab. X, fig. 2). The transverse breadth of the shaft here is 2 inches 7 lines, 
the fore-and-aft breadth is 2 inches. The transverse breadth of the distal end is 4 
