enlarged in male; mesonotum grayish black, pleura 
largely black but notopleural area with faint 
brownish undertone, upper margin of mesopleuron 
narrowly bright yellow; legs black, only foreknee 
inconspicuously yellow; squama, fringe, and wing 
base yellow; wing length 2.25-2.4 mm, last section 
of M 3+4 slightly longer than penultimate; male 
genitalia with aedeagus (fig. 613) having paired 
distal tubules not diverging, inner margin of 
epandrium with conspicuous projection at midpoint 
(fig. 614). 
Host/Early Stages. Unknown. 
Distribution. California. 
Reference. Spencer, 1981: 201. 
Inner margin of epandrium curving uniformly to 
hindmargin 16 
16 (15). Male genitalia with aedegus having large upper 
curve (fig. 598) C. (D. ) morosa (Meigen) 
(All knees more frequently yellow; see couplet 7.) 
— Male genitalia with aedeagus having short upper 
curve (fig. 616) 17 
17 (16). Male genitalia with distal tubules of aedeagus 
diverging at angle of 45° (fig. 617); host 
Juncus C. (D. ) luctuosa (Meigen) 
Synopsis. Frons twice width of eye; dark brown, 
orbit gray or more black; 3d antennal segment 
(fig. 615) enlarged in male; mesonotum matt gray- 
ish; legs black, with only foreknee narrowly 
yellowish; abdomen normally with anterior tergites 
yellow laterally and narrowly yellow bordered, 
rarely entirely black; squama and fringe yellow; 
wing length 2-3 mm, last and penultimate sections 
of M 3+4 equal or last slightly longer; male 
genitalia with aedeagus (figs. 616, 617) having 
distal tubules dividing at upper curve. 
Host/Early Stages. Juncus spp. Larva forming 
yellowish leaf mine, pupating in leaf blade, 
frass deposited in single large lump, posterior 
spiracles of larva (puparium) each with 3 elon- 
gate bulbs, lower one shorter (fig. 618); pupari- 
um slender (fig. 619). 
Distribution. California, Colorado (new record). 
New York, Oregon, Washington; Canada, Europe. 
References. Frick, 1959: 384; Spencer, 1969a: 120; 
1981: 195; Nowakowski, 1973: 195. 
— Male genitalia with distal tubules of aedeagus par- 
allel or at most slightly divergent (fig. 620); 
host Carex hirta (in Europe) 
U. ( D. ) hirtae Nowakowski 
Synopsis. Adult not satisfactorily distinguishable 
on external characters from C. luctuosa , well 
separable only by male genitalia (fig. 620). 
Host/Early Stages. Carex hirta (in Europe), other 
Carex spp. in United States. 
Distribution. California, widespread in mountains. 
References. Nowakowski, 1973: 198; Spencer, 1981: 
194. 
106 
