black, with 3+1 dc, acr in 4 rows; notopleuron 
predominantly dark, at most faintly paler, pleura 
otherwise black; legs black; wing base yellowish, 
margin and fringe black; halter bright yellow; male 
genitalia with aedeagus as in figures 854, 855, 
with single pair of ventral lobes, fully developed 
bladder enclosed by basal sclerites; sperm pump with 
narrow blade and stalk, base well developed; epan- 
drium (fig. 856) with single short spine at inner 
corner, similar one at midpoint, and longer one 
below. 
Host/Early Stages. Galium boreale , G. trif lorum , 
and probably other Galium spp. (in Europe G. 
rotund i folium and G. rubioides ) . Larva forms upper 
surface linear mine; puparium brownish, posterior 
spiracles each with 3 bulbs. 
Distribution. Minnesota (new record); Canada, 
Corsica. 
References. Spencer, 1969a: 199; part 2, p. 298. 
Male genitalia with distiphallus smaller (fig. 857) 
not extended centrally (fig. 858) 
G. vockerothi Spencer, n. sp. 
Synopsis. Externally as in G. galiivora ; male geni- 
talia with aedeagus as in figures 857, 858; epandri- 
um (fig. 859) with single strong projection at inner 
corner and slightly stronger one at midpoint. 
Host/Early Stages. Unknown, probably Galium . 
Distribution. North Carolina. 
Reference. Part 2, p. 299. 
Genus Haplopeodes Steyskal 
Haplopeodes Steyskal, 1980. Type of 
genus: Phytomyza minuta Frost, 1924. 
This genus was erected to provide a 
new name for Haplomyza Hendel, 1914, 
after it was discovered that the type 
of Haplomyza , Antineura togata 
Melander, 1913, correctly belongs in 
Liriomyza . 
Frick (1959) differentiated Haplomyza 
from Liriomyza by the combination of 
four characters: Me sono turn matt gray, 
acrostichals in two rows, outer 
crossvein lacking, and only a single 
upper orbital present. This concept 
was amended by Spencer (1963a) when 
two species were discovered in Brazil 
with the mesonotum black. 
The essential differences between 
Haplopeodes and Liriomyza are that the 
stridulating mechanism of the males of 
Liriomyza is lacking and the male 
genitalia are simplified and reduced 
(see fig. 860); the sperm pump is 
narrow and elongate (fig. 870); and 
the surstylus bears three or four 
minute bristles (fig. 866). 
Haplopeodes is known only in North and 
South America, and 12 species have now 
been described. The larva forms a 
short, irregular, linear mine, and 
hosts are in the Amaranthaceae , 
Chenopodiaceae, Portulacaceae , and 
Solanaceae. Of the four species known 
in the United States, two feed on 
Amaranthaceae (one of these also on 
Chenopodiaceae), one on Portulacaceae, 
and one on Solanaceae. 
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