pupating externally; puparium brown, posterior 
spiracles each with 3 bulbs. 
Distribution. California, Pennsylvania; new 
records: Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnehaha Creek, 
1 f., 24. VII. 80, ex leaf mine on Ageratina altis - 
sima , coll. 29. VI. 80 (KAS); Wisconsin, Dane 
Co. , Madison, 2m., 2 f . , ex Eupatorium rugosum , 
Sept. 76 (S. Tavormina); Canada; records given by 
Frick (1956: 294) require confirmation. 
Reference. Spencer, 1981: 294. 
21 (19). Male genitalia with aedeagus having paramesophalli 
strongly developed (figs. 926, 927) 
enceliae Spencer 
Synopsis. Wing length 2-2.3 mm, last section of 
vein M 3+4 twice length of penultimate; mesonotum 
only moderately shining; legs black, foreknee at 
most narrowly yellow. 
Host/Early Stages. Encelia californica . Adults 
common on this host in March 1977 in southern 
California but no mines found (KAS). 
Distribution. California. 
Reference. Spencer, 1981: 300. 
Male genitalia not so 22 
22 (21). Frons narrow, equal to width of eye 
(3. michiganensis Steyskal 
Synopsis. Generally resembling malvae ; wing 
length in unique holotype 2 mm; male genitalia 
with aedeagus (figs. 928, 929) having distiphallus 
relatively large, with central membranous area 
conspicuous in side view. 
Host/Early Stages. Unknown. 
Distribution. Michigan. 
Reference. Steyskal, 1972b: 3. 
Frons broader, approx. 1.5 times width of eye 23 
23 (22). Male genitalia with mesophallus short, distiphallus 
with lateral extension at each side (figs. 930, 
931) C. malvae (Burgess) 
Synopsis. Wing length 1.6-2 mm, last section of 
vein M 3+4 2.5 times length of penultimate; orbit 
black to upper ors or slightly beyond; mesonotum 
moderately shining black; legs entirely black; 
squama gray, margin and fringe deep black; male 
genitalia with aedeagus as in figures 930, 931. 
Host/Early Stages. Abut i Ion , Althaea , Malva , 
Malvastrum , Sida , and probably other genera of 
Malvaceae. Larva forming long narrow leaf mine 
(fig. 932); puparium yellowish brown, posterior 
spiracles each with 3 bulbs. 
Distribution. Florida, Indiana, New York, Pennsyl- 
vania; new records: Mississippi, Bolivar Co., 
Shaw, 2m., 1 f., ex Abutilon theophrasti , 24.X.79 
(H. Walker); Wisconsin, Dane Co., Madison, 1 m. , 
ex Abutilon , 26. VII. 76 (S. Tavormina); Bahamas, 
Brazil, Canada, Jamaica. 
References. Frick, 1956: 298; Spencer, 1969a: 146 
(as C. althaeae ) ; Spencer and Stegmaier, 1973: 81. 
149 
