Synopsis. Frons broad, twice width of eye, 
distinctly projecting above eye in profile, 
sometimes more yellow above beside ocellar tri- 
angle; orbit grayish, slightly yellowish on inner 
margin, lunule gray; 2 ors, 2 or 3 ori; gena deep 
at rear, 0.33-0.25 height of eye; 3d antennal seg- 
ment small, round, black; mesonotum matt gray, 
with faint brownish tinge, side of thorax black; 
legs black, only foreknee sometimes yellowish; 
squama gray, margin and fringe black; wing length 
2. 3-2. 5 mm, 2d costal section slightly more than 
twice length of 4th; male genitalia with aedeagus 
as in figure 1079; lower corner of epandrium with 
long, flaplike appendage (fig. 1080). 
Host/Early Stages. Ranunculus californicus , almost 
certainly other Ranunculus spp. Larva feeding 
internally in stem; puparium yellowish, slender, 
posterior spiracles (fig. 1081) each with ellipse 
of about 20 bulbs. 
Distribution. California; widespread in Europe 
from Sicily to Scandinavia and Faroe Is. 
Reference. Spencer, 1981: 354. 
Genus Phytomyza Fallen 
Phytomyza Falldn, 1810: 10. Type of 
genus: Musca ranunculi Schrank, 
1803 (as P. f laveola = flava Fallen , 
1823b) (Europe). 
The generally accepted concept of this 
genus is based on three characters: 
Orbital setulae proclinate (figs. 
1112, 1163), costa ending at vein 
R 4+5, and outer crossvein lacking 
(fig. 1109). 
Several modifications have been made 
in this concept after examining the 
genitalia of most species in this 
genus in recent years. A few species 
with the outer crossvein are now 
accepted as belonging in Phytomyza . 
Two such species in the United States 
are P. davisii (Walton) and P. duplex , 
n. sp. (fig. 1085). Conversely, 
several species previously considered 
in Phytomyza , lacking the outer cross- 
vein, in fact belong in Napomyza . 
They are N. blairmorensis , N. 
evanescens , and N. marginal is . For 
practical reasons, these three species 
have also been included in the Phyto- 
myza key given here, as based on 
external characters there is nothing 
to indicate that they correctly belong 
in Napomyza . 
A larger group of species, with 28 
known in the United States, is now 
included in the genus Chroma tomyia 
(pp. 173, 373) on the basis of the 
male genitalia and the form of 
puparium and pupation site. Adults 
are externally inseparable from 
typical Phytomyza species and have 
therefore been included in a single 
key with Phytomyza . 
Phytomyza is the largest world genus, 
and over 450 species have now been 
described. It is essentially of 
temperate regions and occurs 
predominantly in the Northern 
Hemisphere, although it is present 
throughout the world. In the Tropics 
it is largely restricted to a few 
species at high elevations. Only six 
species are known in New Zealand 
(Spencer, 1976b), 9 in Australia 
(Spencer, 1977d), 14 in the 
Afrotropical Region (Spencer, 1964b), 
and a single species from the highest 
172 
