Hendel (1932) did not accept Hardy's 
genus, and it was also treated as a 
synonym of Phytomyza by Frick (1952a) 
in his generic revision of North 
American species. Chroma tomyia was 
revived by Griffiths (1974a), who 
referred to it as "all those species 
of Phytomyza s.l. in whose males the 
distal section of the ejaculatory duct 
is simple (not bifid) and lies below a 
lobe on the "dorsal" (in anteriorly 
directed rest position) side of the 
aedeagus." (See figs. 1089, 1258.) 
Characters of the puparium and method 
of pupation noted by Hardy remain 
valid for most of the Chromatomyia 
species, but two European species 
pupate externally, which Griffiths 
(1974a: 36) considers to be a 
secondary development. Other 
Phytomyza groups pupate as in 
Chromatomyia , with the anterior 
spiracles projecting ventrally through 
the leaf epidermis, and include in the 
United States the £. ilicicola group 
(holly leaf miners) and the P. ro- 
bus tel la group feeding on Asteraceae 
(p. 173). 
Chromatomyia is a predominantly 
north-temperate genus, with 100 
species now known throughout the world. 
Isolated species are in the Neotropical 
Region as far south as Argentina and 
Chile and at high elevations in the 
Afrotropical Region. C. horticola is 
semicosmopolitan and is common in much 
of Africa and Asia, and C • syngenesiae 
is widespread in Australia and New 
Zealand as an introduction. Twenty- 
eight species are now recorded in the 
United States, of which 8 are described 
here (part 2, p. 323), 4 are recorded 
as new to America (£. er igerontophaga , 
involucratae , £. norwegica , and C. 
£oae) , and 1, C. regalensis , treated 
as a nomen dubium by Griffiths (1980* 
8) , is revived. C. clemativora is 
transferred here from Phytomyza (part 
2, p. 323). 
This genus is best represented at high 
elevations. Of the new species, five 
are described from Colorado, three 
from North Carolina, and the four 
species added to the United States 
list are all from Colorado. Thirteen 
species were recorded in California 
(Spencer, 1981), but only 2 species, 
C. clemativora and C. mimuli , are 
known in Texas. 
Of the 28 United States species, 16 
have been reared in the families 
Asteraceae, Caprifoliaceae, 
Hydropyllaceae, Poaceae, 
Saxifragaceae, and Scrophulariaceae. 
In addition, random caught species can 
be associated with others reared from 
Luzula (Juncaceae) in Canada and 
Europe. Griffiths (1974c) has also 
reared species from Valeriana 
(Valerianaceae) in Alberta and (1976a) 
from Elaeagnus and Shepherdia 
(Elaeagnaceae) in Alberta and the 
Yukon. An important revision of the 
22 species known in the Nearctic and 
Palaearctic Regions feeding on 
Monocotyledoneae was given by 
Griffiths (1980). In all, Griffiths 
(1972a-80) has described 39 ad- 
ditional species in Canada or Alaska. 
There has seemed little practical 
value in providing a separate key to 
the United States Chromatomyia 
species, as they are externally not 
distinguishable from Phytomyza , and 
they are therefore included in one 
combined key with Phytomyza . 
174 
