Synopsis. Head (fig. 1220) with frons twice 
width of eye; orbit narrowly darkened beside 
eye margin, entire hindmargin of eye black; 
face, palpus, and antenna black, 3d small, 
round; gena 0.33 height of eye; mesonotum matt 
blackish gray, acr irregularly in 4 rows; legs 
black with all knees yellow; squama yellow, 
margin and fringe ochreous brown; wing length 
2-2.1 mm, 2d costal section only slightly more 
than twice length of 4th; male genitalia with 
aedeagus not seen; hypandrium as in figure 1221. 
Host/Early Stages. Penstemon procerus . Larva 
forming long, upper surface linear mine, with 
frass in conspicuous black line, only partial- 
ly discontinuous, pupation externally (contrast 
P. penstemonis , couplet 48); details of pupari- 
um not available. 
Distribution. California (mountains). 
Reference. Spencer, 1981: 410. 
Frons yellow, at least on upper half 70 
70 (69). Orbit black P . aquilegivora Spencer 
(Frons distinctly darkened on lower half, see 
couplet 126.) 
Synopsis. Minute black species, closely resem- 
bling P. loewii , with following essential 
characters: Frons ochreous yellow on upper 
half, black below adjoining lunule; orbit 
black; gena and face grayish yellow; mesonotum 
black, only moderately shining; legs black but 
all knees paler, brownish yellow; squama yel- 
lowish gray, fringe black; 2d costal section 
twice length of 4th, wing length 1.5-1.75 mm; 
male genitalia with aedeagus (figs. 1222, 1223) 
having distiphallus in form of single long 
tubule, with slight curvature in basal 3d; 
ventral sclerite long, narrow. 
Host/Early Stages. Aquilegia spp., including A. 
canadensis and A. formosa var. paucif lora . 
Larva forming irregular whitish linear mine, 
with frass in scattered black grains or strips, 
pupating externally; puparium ovoid, dark brown, 
posterior spiracles each with ellipse of 10-14 
bulbs . 
Distribution. California, Connecticut, District 
of Columbia, Illinois, New York, certainly more 
widespread; Canada. 
References. Spencer, 1969a: 229; 1981: 376. 
Note. This is probably the species misidenti- 
fied by Frost (1924: 67) as P. aquilegiae Hardy, 
which is exclusively palaearctic. Leaf mines 
of P. aquilegivora can be confused with those 
of P. minuscula and detailed examination of 
adults will be necessary to determine the 
species concerned. 
Orbit yellow 71 
71 (70). 3d antennal segment longer than broad, virtual- 
198 
