feeding on Viola and the other 
probably on Galium , and one species is 
recorded as new to the United States. 
Galiomyza galiivora (Spencer) (new 
to U.S. A. ) 
(Figs. 854-856) 
Praspedomyza galiivora Spencer, 1969a: 
199. Holotype male from Alberta in 
CNC. 
Galiomyza galiivora , Spencer, 1981: 
291. 
A single male has been seen from 
Minnesota, Hennepin County, 
Minneapolis, Minnehaha Creek, 
28. VIII. 76 (KAS), in KAS. Apart from 
this record, the species is only known 
in North America from Alberta but is 
doubtless widespread with its host, 
Galium , at least in the Northern 
States. 
Galiomyza violivora Spencer, new 
species 
(Figs. 848-853) 
Head (fig. 848). Frons broad, twice 
width of eye, not projecting above eye 
in profile; 2 ors, 2 strong ori which 
are little weaker than ors, orbital 
setulae coarse, reclinate; orbit 
pronounced, little differentiated from 
frons, slightly widening at midpoint; 
gena rounded in front, angular at 
rear, 0.33 height of eye; 3d 
antennal segment small, round, with 
only short pubescence, arista slightly 
longer than width of eye, appearing 
virtually bare. 
Mesonotum. 3+1 dc, presutural small, 
acr coarse, irregularly in 4 rows, 
intra-alar present. 
Wing. Length from 1.6 mm in male to 
1.9 mm in female, last section of vein 
M 3+4 2.5 times length of penultimate. 
Color. Variable; frons varying from 
orange brown to blackish brown, with 
orbit contrastingly black; gena orange 
brown with lower margin black; all 
antennal segments and palpus black; 
mesonotum deep black, appearing some- 
what matt viewed from front, more 
shining from rear, scutellum either 
entirely black but frequently paler, 
brownish at rear, particularly when 
viewed from behind; rear of humerus 
and notopleuron either bright yellow 
or at least ochreous, pleura entirely 
black; legs largely black but foreknee 
narrowly yellow; abdomen black; squama 
yellowish gray, margin and fringe 
black; halter whitish yellow. 
Male genitalia. Aedeagus (figs. 849, 
850) divided distally, with 2 pairs of 
ventral lobes and well-defined bladder 
within basal sclerites; sperm pump 
(fig. 851) heavily pigmented, 
asymmetrical, with well-developed 
base; epandrium (fig. 852) without 
discrete surstylus but rounded on 
inner corner bearing few short hairs, 
strong, curving process attached at 
midpoint . 
Host/early stages. Viola sororia and 
probably other Viola species. Larva 
forming large white blotch mine (fig. 
853) with finely scattered black 
frass; puparium reddish brown, 
posterior spiracles each with 3 bulbs. 
Holotype m. , Mississippi, Washington 
Co., Leland, emerged 4. VI. 79 (K. E. 
Frick 79-13), coll. G. McMinn; 
paratypes 11 m. , 8 f., same data; 
Pennsylvania, Sullivan Co., Lincoln 
Falls, 1 m. , "Blotch mine Violet," 
26. VIII. 53 (S. W. Frost). Holotype 
and paratypes in USNM, other paratypes 
in KAS, PSU, and Southern Weed Science 
Laboratory, Stoneville, Miss. 
Remarks. This species is closely 
related to G. violiphaga (Hendel), a 
leaf miner on Viola in Europe (see 
Spencer, 1976a: 287 and figs. 515-517), 
but in the European species both the 
scutellum and the third antennal 
segment are yellow. The curving 
process within the epandrium in G. 
violivora (fig. 852) is also present 
but more pronounced in G. violiphaga . 
Among the North American and European 
feeders on Galium , G. violivora most 
closely resembles G. turner i from 
298 
