species in the complex without confirm- 
atory biological evidence. Differences 
between the four described species are 
slight both in external morphology and 
in the male genitalia. More reliable 
differences are apparent in the leaf 
mines. Until reared material is 
available in the United States, 
positive identification of species in 
this group will remain problematic. 
Phytomyza pulchella Spencer, new 
species 
(Figs. 1321, 1322) 
Head. Frons twice width of eye, 
narrowly projecting above eye in 
profile; 1 strong reclinate ors , 3 
slender inclined ori, orbital setulae 
short, in single row; gena extended at 
rear, slightly less than 0.33 height 
of eye; 3d antennal segment slightly 
elongate. 
Mesonotum. 3+1 strong dc, acr short, 
irregularly in 4 rows in front. 
Wing. Length 3.5 mm in male, 3.8 mm 
in female, 2d costal section long, 
almost 4 times length of 4th. 
Color. Head entirely black, 
mesonotum, scutellum, and side of 
thorax matt black; legs with femora 
black, knees contrastingly bright 
yellow, tibiae and tarsi more 
brownish; abdomen entirely black; 
squama and fringe golden yellow; wing 
and veins yellowish. 
Male genitalia. Aedeagus exceptionally 
large (figs. 1321, 1322), distiphallus 
divided into 2 diverging tubules; 
sperm pump large, with broad blade. 
Host/early stages. Unknown. 
Holotype m., Virginia, Smyth Co., Mt . 
Rogers, 4,700-5,800 ft, 1.VI.62; 
paratypes 3m., 2 f . , same data; (all 
J. R. Vockeroth) . Holotype and 3 
paratypes in CNC, 2 paratypes in KAS . 
Remarks. The single ors, generally 
black body, and pale squama and 
fringe, together with the large size, 
make this a distinctive species. It 
is clearly related to P. saskatoonensis 
(see genitalia figs. 1323, 1324) and 
P. masoni, n. sp. (figs. 1317, 1318), 
and all are almost certainly feeders 
on Ranunculaceae . 
Phytomyza ranunculoides Spencer, 
new species 
(Figs. 1326-1329) 
Head. Frons at most 1.5 times width 
of eye, not projecting above eye in 
profile; 1 strong ors, 2 ori, lower 
weaker, orbital setulae sparse; gena 
about 0.33 height of eye; 3d antennal 
segment small, round, only finely 
pubescent. 
Mesonotum. 3+1 dc, acr in 4 rows. 
Wing. Length from 1.9 mm in male to 
2.25 mm in female, 2d costal section 
just over 3 times length of 4th. 
Color. Frons matt black, orbit weakly 
shining, more so around base of 
orbital bristles; gena, face, and 
antenna black; mesonotum, side of 
thorax, and abdomen black, mesonotum 
conspicuously shining; legs with coxae 
and femora black, tibiae brownish, 
more yellow at each end, tarsi 
conspicuously yellow; squama pale 
gray, margin and fringe dark. 
Male genitalia. Aedeagus (figs. 1326, 
1327) with distiphallus divided, 
slightly recurved; ventral lobe 
prominent, horseshoe shaped, with 
strong sclerite lying centrally 
between each side of ventral lobe, 
broad at base of distiphallus, finely 
tapering, almost hairlike at end; 
sperm pump largely unpigmented, minute 
(fig. 1328). 
Host/early stages. Ranunculus 
abort ivus . Larva forming white, upper 
surface linear mine commencing with 
minute spiral (fig. 1329), frass 
deposited in line of fine, closely 
adjoining grains, pupation externally, 
larva leaving leaf through upper sur- 
face exit slit; puparium yellowish 
brown, posterior spiracles widely 
separated, each on prominent projec- 
320 
