Abbreviations and Acronyms 
Abbreviations (acronyms) for depositor- 
ies of specimens, such as museums, are as 
suggested by Griffiths (1980). Genus 
names abbreviated with an initial in bi- 
nomina after their first use in a para- 
graph are not listed here, nor are stand- 
ard abbreviations of names of periodicals 
and of States in the United States. A 
few initials and acronyms , mostly from 
insect labels, remain unelucidated. 
acr - acrostichal (bristles) 
AMNH - American Museum of Natural 
History, New York 
BMNH - British Museum (Natural 
History), London 
C - costa (costal vein of wing) 
CAS - California Academy of Siences, 
San Francisco 
CB - cambium borer 
CNC - Canadian National Museum, Ottawa 
Co. - county 
C.U. - Cornell University 
dc - dorsocentral (bristles) 
det. - determined (as, by) 
DPI - Division of Plant Industry 
(Florida Arthropod Collection, 
Florida State Department of 
Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida) 
et seq. - and in the sequel 
f - female 
F - seed feeder, in flowers 
Fig. - figure 
ft - foot, feet (length or height) 
G - gall causer 
GCS - George C. Steyskal (specimens of 
his collection are in USNM) 
indet. - indeterminate, undetermined 
INHS - Illinois Natural History Survey, 
Urbana 
Is. - island 
J.G. C. — JT • G. Chillcott 
KAS - Kenneth A. Spencer or his per- 
sonal collection 
KEF - Kenneth E. Frick 
L- leaf miner 
loc. cit. - in the place cited 
m. - male 
M, M 1+2, M 3+4 - media (medial vein of 
wing together with its branches) 
MCZ - Museum of Comparative Zoology, 
Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass, 
mm - millimeter(s ) 
MNHNP - Museum National d'Histoire 
Naturelle, Paris, France 
ms. - manuscript 
NMW - Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, 
Austria 
nom. nov. - new name (nomen novum) 
nom. nud. - bare name, name without 
nomenclature status (nomen nudum) 
NRS - Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, 
Stockholm, Sweden 
n. sp. - new species 
NYSM - New York State Museum, Albany 
ori - orbitalis inferior (lower orbital 
bristle) 
ors - orbitalis superior (upper orbital 
bristle) 
P 1, P 2, P 3 - foreleg, midleg, hind- 
leg, respectively (Latin pes) 
prsc - prescutellar (bristles) 
PSU - Pennsylvania State University, 
University Park 
R, R 1, R 2+3, R 4+5 - radius (radial 
vein of wing and its branches) 
RNH - Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke 
Historie, Leiden, Netherlands 
SB - stem borer 
Sc - subcosta (subcostal vein of wing) 
s.l. - in a broad sense (sensu lato) 
SM - stem miner 
sp., spp . - species (singular and 
plural, respectively) 
spm. , spms. - specimen(s) 
s.s. - in a narrow sense (sensu 
stricto) 
ssp. - subspecies 
stat. rev. - revised status 
subg. - subgenus 
SWF - S. W. Frost 
UCB - University of California at 
Berkeley 
UCD - University of California at Davis 
UKaL - University of Kansas, Lawrence 
USNM - U.S. National Museum (of 
Natural History, Washington, D.C.) 
USU - Utah State University, Logan 
UZMC - University Zoological Museum, 
Copenhagen, Denmark 
vt - vertical (bristles) 
vte - outer vertical bristles (verti- 
cales exteriores) 
vti - inner vertical bristles (verti- 
cales interiores) 
ZIL - Zoological Institute, University 
of Lund, Sweden 
ZMHU - Institut fur Spezielle Zoologie 
und Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt 
Universitat, Berlin, German 
Democratic Republic (East Germany) 
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