38* 
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 
hitherto possessed, I repeated the experiment that Mr. Howard had made, using, instead of the dried South American bark, the 
bark of G. succAnibra , fresh from the tree. The liber was separated from the external cellular portion, and the two portions were 
then submitted to analysis. The analyses were made at a season favourable to the yield of alkaloids. 
First 
series. 
Second series. 
Liber. 
Cellular portion. 
Liber. 
Cellular portion. 
Total alkaloids . 
5*94 
7-98 
6-85 
8-00 
Quinine .... 
0-7 
2-25 
0*85 
3-25 
Chinchonidine and Chincho- 
nine .... 
5*24 
5-74 
6-00 
4-75 
Sulphate of Quinine . 
Undetermined. 
Undetermined. 
0-9 
2-8 
Do. Chinchonidine . 
Do. 
Do. 
4*1 
4*2 
A similar experiment was made with bark five and a half years old that had been under moss for seventeen months. 
Liber. 
Cellular portion. 
Total alkaloids ........ 
9-80 
11-83 
Quinine ......... 
2-89 
5-49 
Chinchonidine and Chinchonine ..... 
6-91 
6-34 
Crystallized Sulphate of Quinine obtained 
2-44 
5-1 
Do. do. Chinchonidine obtained . 
4’74 
4*84 
“ The whole of the above trials corroborate those of Mr. Howard, in showing that the external cellular part of the bark is 
markedly the richest in Quinine, and, to a less extent, richer in total alkaloids. When the bark becomes older, and the liber more 
woody, it is probable that these qualities will be still more apparent. It is remarkable that mossing, which increases the yield of 
Quinine, also has a tendency to thicken the cellular or less organized portion of the bark. The freshly-renewed barks, which, as 
shown above, contain principally Quinine, consist nearly entirely of cellular tissue. Hence, existing evidence is adverse to 
allowing the bark to obtain an age when liber would be formed at a greater rate than the cellular tissues of the bark.-” 
5. Mr. Broughton’s account of the green colouring-matter of the leaves agrees with those presented by myself to the reader. 
The lamented death of Dr. Herapath prevents the possibility of the completion of his researches, but I am inclined to believe that 
Mr. Broughton’s observations, when finished, will coincide with those recorded by Dr. Herapath with his usual accuracy, copies of 
which he sent me in letters now in my possession. 
6. Mr. Broughton agrees with preceding chemists, in looking upon the formation of the alkaloids as depending upon ammonia^ 
and has the following good practical suggestion : — 
“ Ammonia has been present in every specimen of Indian bark that I have examined. The hypothesis has been propounded 
that this substance, which is itself really an alkaloid, is a step in the formation of Quinine, etc., and is, so to speak, the frame-work 
of their constitution. The idea of an essential connection between ammonia and the vegetable alkaloids dates from the early part 
of the century, and advance of knowledge has but increased its probability. As far as I am aware, the action of ammoniacal 
manures (so largely employed in European agriculture) has never been systematically studied, when applied to the alkaloid- 
producing plants, although the idea of supplying the elements required in the elaboration of these peculiar products is a plausible 
one. I would suggest that small plots of the two leading varieties of Cinchonae in our possession be each manured with guano in 
one case, and in the other with common sulphate of ammonia, such as is sold in Europe for agricultural purposes, commencing 
when the plants are a year old. This is an experiment in cultivation that must be tried sooner or later, since the question of the 
action of manures is one that obviously suggests itself. The chemical study of the effect, even if it be a negative one, will be of 
great interest/'’ 
O 
7. Mr. Broughton was the first to ascertain, and to publish (paragraph 20) the existence of alkaloid in the heart-wood of 
G. succirubra. His amount, 008 to O’ 11 per cent., agrees well with mine. 
UEBER DIE CHINAKULTUR AUF JAVA. 
I have received, under this head, the German translation of a paper in the Dutch periodical f Gids/ of May, 1868, in which the 
writer gives his account of the progress of the cultivation of the Cinchonae in Java. The Dutch have the honour of leading the 
way in this useful enterprise, and therefore it is the more to be regretted that the mistakes, which were certain to be incurred in a 
