CHEMICAL AND MICROSCOPICAL INVESTIGATIONS. 
13 
was reduced to 18 inches, I examined the two portions separately, first the heart-wood, and then the more 
external ligneous portion, as under : — 
Heart-wood, 3500 grains in powder acted on by lime-water, and, as above (No. 4), gave of Kinova-bitter 
11 3* This was not implicated with so much colouring-matter as in the root-wood. 
2. — 3500 grains, examined for alkaloids, gave — 
Soluble in ether — Quinine, etc. . . . 0*10 
Soluble in spirits of wine — Cinchonine 0-03 
» >> Do,, with resinous or colouring-matter* . . . . . . ? 
0*1 3 
3- Outside wood of stem. 3500 grains, treated as above for Kinova-bitter, gave (after separation by spirits of 
wine of a trace of colouring-matter), Kinova-bitter, 1*20 per cent. 
4. — Examined for alkaloids, gave — 
Soluble in ether — Quinine, etc. . . . . . 0*09 
Soluble in spirits of wine — Cinchonine . . . . 0*03 
„ „ ,, Do. with resinous matter* . . . . ? 
0*12 
Showing apparently a trifling increase in the kinova-bitter, and possibly a corresponding slight 
diminution in the proportion of alkaloid towards the outside of the wood. 
In order further to examine the stem-wood, I took another portion (of 7000 grains), without separating 
the outer and inner bark. This enabled me to check the results previously obtained, and also, as being a 
larger quantity examined, to carry out more fully the purification and separation of the alkaloids, which, 
in such small quantities, is proportionally difficult. 
1. — 7000 grains were treated with ether for extraction of the mother-substance, of which nearly 2 per cent, 
of the weight of the wood was obtained, 
2. — The remaining woody fibre, digested with water, gave, of gum, kinate of lime, and some colouring-matter, 
not quite 2 per cent, of the weight of the wood. 
3. — The remainder, digested with lime-water (and as above), gave, of Kinova bitter, implicated with 0*05 
colouring-matter, 1*138. 
4. — The remainder examined for alkaloids gave, as a rough precipitate, 0*37 per cent., or, as refined, 0*171, 
after separation of some adherent resin (chiefly) and wax, but also loss of alkaloid, as it had been very carefully 
purified ; and, on solution in ether and addition of oxalic acid, gave a good crystallization of oxalate of Quinine. 
Quinine ....... 
. 0-043 
Cinchonidinel ...... 
. 0-030 
Quinicline,J and soluble Cinchonine§ . 
. 0-041 
Cinch onine|| . . . . . 
. 0-033 
Cinchonicine ...... 
. 0-024 
Total . 
. 0-171 
* Very impure. t Separated as kydriodate. 
J Crystallizes as kydriodate; gives fine ckaracteristic crystals from ether, and a green colour witk clilorine and ammonia. 
§ Under tke kead “ Soluble Cinckonine ” I include provisionally an alkaloid near to Cinckonine, but quite soluble in etker at 
0*730, at ordinary temperatures. As I was desirous of kaving tke opinion of Dr. Herapatk, especially about its iodo-sulphate, I for- 
warded tkis gentleman a small quantity, from wkick ke obtained tke following results, in accordance witk mine (as far as tkese 
latter went) : — 
1st. It crystallizes in long, rectangular prisms, kaving bikedral summits. 
2nd. It furniskes a kiglily fluorescent sulpkate in solution, kaving tke same optical effects as Quinine and Quimdme, as far as 
tke epipolic dispersion is concerned. 
3rd. It gives, witk cklorine and ammonia, a wkite precipitate, witkout any trace of tke green of Quinine and Qumidine. 
4tk. It does not form an iodo-sulpkate on a plate of glass, Quinine does (even if first made into a sulpkate), but amorphous 
resin only. 
5tk. By spontaneous evaporation of a solution in a tube it furniskes black aciculce , kaving a purplish reflection, almost all 
opaque, but when thin enough to transmit colour, intensely blood-red; bub very thin plates transmitted a deep brown-yellow. 
6th. It is probably a new modification of Cinckonine, differing by a molecule of water from (Huanokin ?) Compare tke two 
Cinchonidins . (Ann. d. Pk. und der Ck. 1868, p. 325.) 
|| Separated from tke residuary liquor, insoluble in etker; soluble in and crystallizes from spirits of wine. 
