9 
QUINOLOGY OF THE EAST INDIAN PLANTATIONS. 
Mr. M‘Ivor remarks that tlie Red Bark tree especially lias found, in its new home in plantations 
on the Neilgherries, “ conditions quite as favourable to its growth and full development as m the most 
favourable localities in the Andes.” 
“ The C. succirubra , Peruviana , and micrantha thrive on the Nedivuttum and Pykara plantations at 
elevations varying from 4000 to 6000 feet ; while C. officinalis, Ponplandiana, and crespilla continue to 
grow more sturdy and vigorous on the Dodabetta plantations at elevations varying from /000 to 8500 feet. 
These latter species grow equally well upon grass as upon forest land, and bear almost every exposuie, hence 
they can he successfully cultivated over the whole plateau of the Neilgherries, excepting such land-locked 
hollows as are subject to severe frosts.”* * * § 
“A few plants of the Calisaya accidentally planted out at a high elevation, 7300 feet, seem to have 
adopted a much more luxuriant habit than those planted at lower elevations. Several plants of the 
C. Calisaya planted in the first Denison plantation in November, 1862, are now (1865) in full bloom, 
presenting a most beautiful appearance, while their fragrance fills the air for a considerable distance. 
Mr. Broughton informs me that the C. succirubra, above 7500 feet, yields little more than two per cent, 
of alkaloid, and that destitute of Quinine and Quinidine, and that below 5000 feet the bark is thinner 
(which agrees with specimens sent me from the Wynaad and other places). Mr. Broughton adds, 
“ that it appears to contain Quinidine in larger amount, and a large quantity of the vexatious resin, about 
which I had written to him. “ In the Crown Barks the highest elevations yield bark of about even quantity 
down to 6500 feet. Below this the amount of alkaloid becomes somewhat less, and instead of Quinine, 
Chinchonidine and Quinidine are met with. At low elevations the trees do not thrive, and the resin of the 
bark becomes as troublesome as in the Red Bark.” 
It will be thus evident that the Crown Barks are adapted to the higher elevation, and the Red Bark 
to a lower. This might have been anticipated from wdiat we know of their growth in their native habitat. 
The large leaves of the C. succirubra are liable to injury from strong winds, and the plant suffers in conse- 
quence ; but I am informed, by one of the cultivators in Ceylon, that at the higher altitudes the plant shows 
considerable power of adaptation to the climate, and the leaves assume a somewhat different appearance. 
Of all the varieties of Crown Barks, the C. officinalis, var. crispa, f has long been esteemed the most 
hardy ; and I may here record the additional observation that this sort succeeded well with me in the open 
air last summer, and though I had to remove it to shelter under glass in November,! it did not then 
need more warmth than the half-hardy exotics. It seems to me that its requirements are so little in excess 
of those of the common Arbutus (which does not stand the winter with me), that where this flourishes in 
a mild and equable and moist climate, as at Killarney,§ I believe this crespilla sort might possibly be 
naturalized, although I am far from supposing it could there be grown to profit commercially, as the 
growth would be much too slow to admit of this. In other respects it appears, by Mr. Broughton’s 
examination, to be a good variety. My own investigation gave me, from bark carefully mossed by 
Mr. MTvor when three years and a half old, the following product 
Sulphate of Q.uiniue . . . .2-46 
Encrystallized ditto .... *44 
2-90 
Cinch onicine . . . . . . - 86 
Total . . 3*76 
* See Return, East India Cinchona Plant, ordered by the House of Commons to be printed, June 18, 1866, 353, p. 162. 
f “ The tree of the crespilla is the same with that of the amarilla and colorada , but grows in a cold, frosty climate.” — Arrot, 
in a Paper communicated to the Royal Society in 1737. 
“No. 2, crespilla, found growing, in general, in a deposit of peat on the summit of the highest mountains around Loja,- where 
the temperature sometimes falls to 27° Fahr.” — R. Gross, 1861. 
X Again planted out in the open ground in April, 1868, but needing protection from severe spring frosts. 
§ “Mean summer temperature, 59 1° Fahr., mean winter temperature, 44^°. Laurus nobilis attains to a height of upwards of 
30 feet.” — Dr. Moore, Rep. Bot, Congress, 1866, p. 173. 
