THE ANNALS 
AND 
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. 
[SIXTH SERIES.] 
No. 32. AUGUST 1890. 
XIV. — The Inconsistencies of Utilitarianism as the Exclusive 
Theory of Organic Evolution. By Rev. John T. 
Gulick *. 
Natural Selection an Exclusive Theory with some Biologists. 
In a previous article entitled Cc Divergent Evolution and the 
Darwinian Theory ” f I dwelt chiefly on the need of a bio- 
nomic theory that should explain polytypic as well as mono- 
typic evolution. One of the chief deficiencies in Darwin’s 
discussion of the c Origin of Species ’ is that he does not 
distinguish with sufficient clearness the conditions that are 
necessary for the transformation of an original species into a 
new species, when the former disappears in the process, leaving 
the latter to occupy its place, and the conditions that are neces- 
sary for the production of two or more species from one 
original species. In this paper it may be instructive to 
examine a vigorous attempt that has been made so to expound 
the theory of natural selection (which Darwin considered as 
inadequate to cover all the forms of monotypic evolution), 
that it shall serve as the full explanation of both monotypic 
and polytypic evolution in all organisms lower than man. By 
* From the i American Journal of Science,’ July 1890, pp. 1-14. 
t Amer. Journ. Sci. vol. xxxix. pp. 21-30 ; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, 
ser. 6, vol. v. p. 156. 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. vi. 10 
