427 
from the Bay of Bengal . 
surf-line to about 14 fathoms, almost every successful haul of 
the trawl will contain specimens of all of the following, 
several of them in great numbers : — 
Veretillum ; sea-anemones with sandy tests or commensal 
with hermit-crabs or Dorippe ; Astropecten; Nerocila , Squilla , 
Penceus , Pagurus , Dorippe , Pliilyra , Iphis, Galappa , Matuta , 
Egeria, Doclea, Neptunus, Goniosoma ] Mur ex, Sepia] various 
well-known Indian shore-fishes ; Hydrophis , Enhydrina. 
These are the characteristic forms of this zone. 
Within these limits have been found an undescribed 
Trichonotid and three undescribed Pleuronectids, two of 
w r hich are examples of a new generic type. 
5. From 20 to 40 fathoms the hauls are usually small and 
the collections quite characteristic. Within these limits, 
with the exception of the common spiny Murex and a few 
Pleuronectidae ( Psettodes erumei , Pseudorhombus javanicus , 
Cynoglossus oligolepis , and Synaptura quagga ), none of the 
first-mentioned forms have been taken. In almost every 
haul specimens of the following will occur: — simple Turbinolid 
Corals ; Stellaster , Glypeaster ; Grangon y Thenus , small 
Leucosines ; Uranoscopus cognatus, Platycephalus asper or 
P. spinosus, Brachypleura xanthosticta , Arnoglossus macro - 
lophus , Lceops Guentheri , and sometimes Champsodon vorax 
and Lophius indicus. 
Up to date the great majority of fishes taken in this zone 
have been found to be new to the Indian record or new to 
science ; and it seems very probable that the same will prove 
true for the other groups. Unfortunately no continuous 
readings of the bottom-temperature were taken; but occa- 
sional experiments showed that up to 14 fathoms there was 
no difference between the temperatures at the surface and at 
the bottom, while at 23 fathoms the temperature at the bottom 
was lower than that at the surface by 3° Fahr. 
c. From 70 to 100 fathoms the hauls again become large 
and varied, but the forms begin to show a pronounced 
bathybial facies, and nothing is seen of the forms which 
characterize the two shallower zones. So far, although the 
hauls of fishes have been big and varied, the only known 
Indian shore-fish encountered has been Halieutcea stellata . 
A successful trawling in this zone is most interesting ; and 
from a rich harvest of marine animals — many of which are 
either moribund or quite dead on reaching the surface — we 
shall be able every time to pick out the following character- 
istic species : — a peculiar Penseid *, the Oxyrhynch crab 
* Characterized by Prof. J. Wood-Mason as a most remarkable form 
closely allied to Solenocera. 
31 * 
