34 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Gives an outline of the course sailed, and mentions a few ob- 
jects of interest procured. The ornithology of the voyage is to 
be published by the author in conjunction with Dr. Salvadori. 
Gould, John. On four New Species of Birds. Proc. Zool. 
Soc. 1868, pp. 218-221. 
[See RhamphastidcBj Timaliiday Sturnidaiy and Podicipidoi.'] 
Huxley, T. H. On the Animals which are most nearly inter- 
mediate between Birds and Iteptiles. Proc. Roy. Instit. 
Gr. Britain, Feb. 7, 1868, pp. 10. Reprinted Ann. & Mag. 
N. H. 4th ser. ii. pp, 66-75. 
The passage between Reptiles and Birds, on the principle of 
Evolution which the author adopts, is not by way of the Ptero- 
dactyls, but rather through the Dinosauriay and Compsognathus 
is the nearest approximation to the missing link,^^ — a conclusion 
much the same as that of Prof. Cope (Zool. Rec. iv. p. 45). 
. Letter on the Classification of Birds. Ibis, 1868, pp. 357- 
362. 
In reply to some remarks {vide infra, Newton, Alfred) on 
his paper noticed last year (Zool. Rec. iv. pp. 46-49). In every 
group there arc two kinds of cliaracters, (1) those which are 
diagnostie and (2) those which are common to others. I4ie 
diagnosis may also rest not merely on a particular character 
confined to the group, but on a peculiar combination of cha- 
racters; and the value of characters for classification must be 
argued d posteriori- In the case of the ^chizognathce, no other 
common and yet distinctive character, save that drawn from the 
palatal structure^, can be assigned ; and as much could probably 
be said for the author's other suborders. All classification by 
logical categories is, however, more or less artificial — the goal 
is that of a genetic classification. Classification by gradation is 
another stage in the same progress, and must not be confounded 
with the ultimate result, though it probably represents a true 
genetic classification more nearly than any other arrangement 
can do. The TinamomorphcB among the Carinat(B approach nearest 
to the Ratitce ; and the great majority of the Carinatce fall into 
one or other of four series, which diverge directly or indirectly 
from the Tinamornorphce. 
Those series are then indicated in a tabular form; but the 
results are more fully given in the paper next to be noticed. 
— — On the Classification and Distribution of the Alectoro- 
morphce and Heteromorphce. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, pp. 294- 
319, with Map. 
Though the title of this paper would lead the reader to sup- 
pose it ought more properly to come into our special part, a very 
slight acquaintance with its contents will show that we are justi- 
fied in treating a portion of it as belonging to the General Subject. 
