04 
ZOOLOGICAL LII'ERATUKE, 
Sericuhis chrysocephalus [sC. me/mwsi in confinement. 1** L. Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1868, pp. 400,022. 
CoRVIDiE. 
dorms frugilegus^ its insect-diet and consequent utility shown by exami- 
nation of the contents of its stojnacli : — Millet et all. Bull. Soc. Imp. d'Ac- 
climat. 1808, pp. 623, 624. The harm done by it ; — Sdn^quier, tom. cit, 
pp. 761, 702. 
Corvus coronokles is figured. S. Biggies, Orn. Austral, pt. xvi. 
Lyciis dauricus, in Bauria occur more or less black varieties, which are 
referred to X. spermolegus*. B. Bybow ski & A. Parrex, J, f. 0. 1868, 
p. 332. 
Cissd venatoria in confinement. P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S. 1808, p. 620. 
Gelastes Is proposed as a generic name in place of which the author 
considers to be too much like l^icus, while Cleptes, Ganibel, is preoccupied in 
entomology. F. W. Maklin, Vetensk. Grand, fiir Bestiimm. af Fogelart. 
Ordningsf. pp. 106, 107, notes.' [Gelastes hsLS been long since used by Bona- 
parte for a genus of Zaridce.'] 
Garndus melanocephalus and G. cermcalis are confounded (cf. Zool. Rec. 
iii. p. 102). M. T. von Heuglin, J. f. O. 1808, p. 308. 
Fregikis himalayanus, Gould, is identical with F. graculus (B.). A, von 
Pelzeln, J. f. 0. 1868, pp. 33, 34; Ibis, 1808, p. 317. 
Nucifragit caryocatades^ its breeding in Switzerland. G. Vogel, J. f. 0, 
1808, p. 320. 
Cracticus nigroytdaris and C., destructor are figured. S. Biggies, Orn. 
ALUstral. pt. xix, . . . 
COLUMB^. 
COLUMBID^. 
Columha livia, the various domestic breeds which have sprung from it* 
C. Barwin, Anim. and PI. under Bomestic. i. pp. 131-224. 
Mr. Barwin was led to study domestic Pigeons with particular care, 
first, because the evidence that all the domestic races have descended from 
one known source was far clearer than with any other anciently-domesticated 
animal ; secondly, because many treatises in various languages, some of them 
old, have been written on these birds, so that we are able to trace the 
history of the several breeds ; and thirdly, because the amount of variation, 
arising from causes we can partially understand, has been extraordinarily 
great. Above 160 kinds exist, which “ breed true ” and have been separately 
named; and there can be no doubt, says the author (and most justly as it 
appears to us), that if well-characterized forma of the several races had been 
found wild, all of them would have been ranked as distinct species, and 
several would have been placed in different genera. These various breeds 
are classified by Mr. Barwin in four groups, as follows : — 
‘ Group I. is composed of a single Race, that of the Pouters,” having the 
msophagus of great size, barely separated from the crop, often inflated. Body 
and legs elongated. Bill moderate. The most strongly-marked subrace, 
* We imagine the Corvus sjicrmolcgus of Vieillot (Moncdida nigra, Brehm) 
to be only the young of C. monedtda ; and even if C. dauricus be a good species, 
it may well be that its young resembles that of the common European form 
{tf. Ibis, 1868, p. 447, note). 
