118 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
cavity and the foramen pneumaticum of the mandible was traced 
by the author in embryos of Birdst Monatsber. Ak. Wiss. 
Berlin, 1868, pp, 69^-598. 
According to the * Report of the Council of the Zoological Society of Lon- 
don ’ (London, 1868), 173 reptiles were living in the Menagerie in the course 
of the year 1807, two species ( CycloUua yiyua and Crutalm duvisma) having 
bred. 
Palestine, For the present we have only shortly to refer to a paper on 
the Fauna of Palestine, by Mr. Tjistram, an abstract of which appeared in 
Proc. Roy, Soc. 1868, p. 816. 
Rinnion. It would appear, from notes published by Dr. Vinson, that the 
reptiles (chiefly Tortoises) indigenous to this island are now extinct, or 
replaced by others imported from other islands. Bull. Soc, Acclim. Paris, 
1868, pp. 687-690. 
Zanzibar. Dr. Gunther enumerates or describes 11 species of snakes occur- 
ring in the island. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1868, i. p. 413. 
Birma. Mr. Theobald has collected for several years in this part of India 
(we use the term in the meaning applied to it in Europe for centuiies), as 
well as in Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim, considerably adding to our pre- 
vious knowledge of the herpetology of these countries. In a paper published 
in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. pp. 4-67, he describes or makes notes on 20 species 
of Tortoises, 89 Saurians, and 64 Ophidians. 
Island of Poulo Condor. M. Jouan mentions 3 Lizards, 1 Epieriunif and 
4 Snakes from this island. M6m. Soc. Sc. Nat. Cherbourg, xiii. 1868, pp. 
283-286. 
Ecuador and Upper Amazon. Mr. Cope has described the Reptiles and 
Batrachians collected by an expedition which was undertaken under the 
auspices of the Smithsonian Institution. The collection contained 3 Tor- 
toises, 20 Saurians, 34 Ophidians, and 16 Batrachians, altogether 73 species, 
of which the author believes 24 to be undoscribod. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 
Philad. 1868, pp. 90-119. 
River Amazons. J. M. da Silva Coutinho treats of the Tortoises of the 
Amazons region, entering into their natural history j ho distinguishes, by 
vernacular names, six species of Podoenemis, Chelys matamala, and three 
species of Testudo. Bull. Soc. Acclim. Paris, 1868, pp. 147-166. 
Southern Brazil. Dr. Ilensel gives descriptions of, or remarks on, 22 
Snakes, 10 Saurians, and 2 Tortoises collected by him in the province S. 
Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul, Wiegm, Arch. 1808, pp. 323-360. 
TFest Indies, Mr. Cope enumerates five Reptiles from the Island of 
Navassa, and ten from Gonave Island near Hayti. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
1808, pp. 120, 127. 
Cuba, Dr. Gundlach has given a list of the species known at present 
from Cuba, stating the exact localities where they are found. He enume- 
rates 1 Emys, 4 Chelonia^ 1 Spharyis, 2 Crocodilns, 1 Ameivay 4 Liocephalus, 
1 Cyclw'Uj 10 Anolisy 1 PlatydactyluSy 1 IleniidactyluSy 3 SjduBtdodactylus, 
1 Gynmodactylus, 1 Crioosaura, 1 IRploylossus ) 1 AmphisbccnUy 1 TyphlopSy 
3 Unyaliay 1 EpicrateSy 1 Uroteca, 1 CryptodacuSy 2 Arrhjton, 1 Colorhoyiuy 
4 Dromicus, 1 Tretanorhimes, 1 Tropidonotns. In those numbers also those 
species are included which the autlior regards as doubtful. Report. Fis.- 
nat, de Cuba, ii, pp. 104-117. 
