tlSCES. 
I4l 
Central America, Dr. Gunther lias collected in one memoir 
the results of the expeditions of Messrs. Dow, Godman, and 
Salvin, of which shorter accounts have been given from time to 
time on previous occasions (Trans. Zool. Soc. 1868, pp. 377~ 
494) . The number of the fishes treated of is 303 ; and he draws 
attention to the remarkable fact that at least 30 per cent, of 
the marine fishes are found on both sides of Central America, 
and accounts for it by assuming that one or more open channels 
existed between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The fresh- 
water fish-fauna is characterized thus : — A part of the Chro* 
mides (Heros &c.) and the Cyprinodontes generally have at- 
tained to their greatest development ; neotropical types extend- 
ing northwards prevail over nearctic extending southwards, the 
latter being represented by a few extreme branches. After 
having subdivided this fauna into six provinces, the author pro- 
ceeds to give descriptions of those which he has not described 
elsewhere, or of which figures arc given for the first time, the 
memoir being illustrated by woodcuts, a map, and 24 plates. 
The more noteworthy parts of the descriptive division of the 
memoir will be referred to in the special part of this Record. 
South America. 13r. Gunther has reported on some collections from the 
Upper Amazons and Surinam. Twenty new species are described. Proc. 
Zool. Soc. 1868, pp. 229-247. 
Southern Brazil, l)r. Ilensel has commenced to give descriptions of the 
freshwater fishes collected by him, Wiegm. Arch. 1868, pp. 356-375. The 
part published contains twelve Species. 
Palestine. For the present we have only shortly to refer to a paper on 
the Fauna of Palestine by Mr. Tristram, an abstract of which appeared in 
Proc. Foy. Soc. 1868, p. 316. 
East Africa, Dr. Giinther enumerates or describes ten fishes new to the 
Fauna of Zanzibar. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1868, i. p. 457. — Prof. Peters 
mentions six other freshwater fishes from Zanzibar or the neighbouring parts 
of the mainland, four of which are new. Monatsber. Ak. AViss. Berlin, 
1868, p. 698. — Prof. Peters’s work on the Fishes of Mozambique has been 
mentioned above, p. 132. 
Madagascar. Col. Playfair cmimeratcs 22 marine and freshwater species. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, pp. 9-12. — Dr. Bleeker describes three new species of 
Chroniids from this island, Versl. & Meded. Ak. Wet. Amsterd. 1868, ii. 
pp. 307-314; and a Ccesio, ibid. iii. p. 78. 
East-Indian Archipelago. Prof. Peters enumerates 146 species of fishes 
collected by Di*. F^ Jagor, who paid particular attention to the freshwater 
fishes of the Philippine Islands, lie states that there are no Cyprinoids in 
these islands, the absence of that family Coinciding with that of acotylopho- 
rous mammals. Monatsber. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1868, pp. 254-281. — [The 
author adds a note, ibid. p. 461, according to which Ileckel’s statement of 
the occurrence of Cyprinoids {Dangila) iii these islands is confirmed by 
Sempef. 
Dr. Bleeker gives a nominal list of 19 species from the island of Guehe^ Versl. 
& Meded. Ak. Wet. Amsterdam, 1868, ii. pp. 271-272, and of 18 species 
