LEPIDOPTERA. 
3l3 
Erschofp publislieg (Horas Soc. Ent. Ross. v. pp. 97-09) a supplementary 
list of Lepidoptora collected by him near St. Petersburg; and indicates seve- 
ral changes in the nomenclature of the species cited by Sievers. (See ^ Re- 
cord,’ 1867, p. 339.) 
Erschoff indicates some Lepidoptera new to the fauna of St. Petersburg. 
Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. v. pp. 166-167. 
Huber enumerates the species of Lepidoptera taken by him in the vicinity 
of St. Petersburg in the year 1867 (Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. v. pp. 101-112). 
Several varieties are noticed; and the paper concludes with a tabular list of 
species captured on honey during the year, with indications of the dates of 
their first and last capture. 
Zeeler (Stett. ent. Zeit. 1868, pp. 121-126) indicates the Lepidoptera ob- 
tained by him from Piniis mughus in Carinthia. The species are as follows : 
— Lasiocampa pini, Panolis piniperda, Macaria liturata, Bup. piniarius, Re- 
tinia pinicolana^ resinella^ and turionella, Grapholitha cosmopliorana^ Gelechia 
dodeeella, (Ecophora sulphur elltty Argyresthia pmiaridla^ Cedest. gysseleniella 
and farinatella, and Batrachedrapinicolella. The following species were taken, 
blit not bred, by Zeller : — NepJiopteryx ahietella, Grapholitha pinicolana, and 
Butalis hinotella. Zeller does not find that any species are peculiar to Pinus 
mughus. 
Goossens has observed that in some Lepidopterous larvm the number of 
prolegs varies at different ages. Some caterpillars which had originally six 
prolegs, and progressed geometrically, acquired two more pairs after the 
third moult, and proved to belong to Xylomyges conspicillaris. Some young 
larvoB, bred from eggs found on Chcnopodium^ likewise had twelve feet, and 
wore supposed to belong to Plusia gamma. After the third moult they had 
sixteen feet, and proved to be Mamcstra hrassiccD. He suggests that the in- 
creased number of prolegs is rendered necessary by an increased breadth of 
body (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 4® S(5r. viii. pp. 746-748). Berce confirms this state- 
ment from observations on Polia Jlavocincta (Bull. Soc. Ent. Er. 1868, 
p. xcvii). 
J. E. VizE describes a caterpillar with compound hairs, which give it 
the aspect of a tuft of moss (Proc. Lit. and Phil. Soc. Manch. vi. p. 181). 
A Brazilian social Caterpillar, living in companies of thirty to forty, spins 
a large common cocoon, according to Peckolt. Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 
1868, p. 136. 
G. Dorfmeister, (Mitth. naturw. Ver. fiir Steiermark, 1867 ; Stett. ent. 
Zeit. 1868, pp. 181-184) remarks upon the production of so-called hermaphro- 
dites among Lepidoptera, and puts forward as an hypothesis to account for 
their formation that the mixture of the sexes takes place during the deve- 
lopment of the ovum, part of a male and part of a female germ going, ac- 
cording to him, to compose the germ of the hermaphrodite. Hence he infers 
that whenever one hermaphrodite specimen is produced in a brood there must 
also be another, formed from the remaining parts of the two germs. Horf- 
moistor suggests that this question may bo settled by rearing whole broods 
of Lepidoptera from the egg, for which he regards Liparis dispar and Gas- 
tropacha quercus as the best species. He notices hermaphrodites of Pontia 
cardamines and Gastropacha quercus in his possession. 
Ragonot remarks upon the fondness of many moths for the leaves of 
nettles, and ascribes this to the presence of a small white Aphis upon the 
