314 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
leaves, the moths probably coming in search of the sweet exudation produced 
by the Aphides. Ent. M. Mag. v. pp. 76-77. 
ScHLEiCH publishes some notes on clearing the scales from the wings of 
Lepidoptera (Stett. ent. Zeit. 1808, pp. 26-27). 
Frauenfeld describes and figures (Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. in Wien, xviii. 
pp. 881-884, pi. 11) an apparatus for capturing nocturnal Lepidoptera invented 
by Schirl. The apparatus consists essentially of sloping walls of net leading 
to narrow entrance-slits, and the attraction is furnished by a mixed fiuid in 
process of fermentation. 
Rhopalocera. 
Kirby (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1868, pp. xxxiii-xxxv) gives a 
list of identical or representative species of Rhopalocera occur- 
ring in Europe, India, and North America. He remarks that, 
wherever a European genus occurs in India or North America at 
all, European species, or very closely allied forms, are also to be 
found in those countries. South or East European species fre- 
quently extend to India, North European species frequently 
reach America, while Central European species extend through- 
out North Asia, but only in a few instances reach North 
America, and are there usually confined to the west coast.^^ He 
adds, almost every species common to the Old World and 
North America is either Polar or Californian.^'’ 
W. II . Edwards has commenced the publication of an illus- 
trated work on the Butterflies of North America (see p. 305). 
The first part contains a great part of the species of Argynnis ; 
the second and third also contain illustrations of that genus, with 
gpecies of ColiaSj Apatura, Theda, &c. 
Erauenfeld records (Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. in Wien, xviii. p. 201) 21 
species of Rhopalocera collected by him in the Nicobars, one-third of Avhich 
belong to the Iiyca3nides. Euplxa nuoarce was collected in the larval state, 
it changed to the pupa on the following day, and the imago emerged in seven 
days. Erauenfeld remarks that Lepidoptera were very abundant on the 
islands. 
Lang publishes (Ent. M. Mag. v. pp. 33-37) a list of Butterfiies captured 
by Jerdon in the valley of Goolmurg, 9000 feet above the level of the sea, 
south of the vale of Cashmere. The species are 23 in number, and in- 
clude a few described as new. 
Papilio7iides. 
Tarnassius citrinarius (Motsch.) i^rohah\y= stuhbendo?gii (Mendtr.). Bal- 
lion, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1868, p. 167. 
Buteer remarks (Ent. M. Mag. v. p. 60) that Papilio messalina (Stoll) = 
P. zenohia (Eab.), and describes as new the species hitherto identified with 
the latter. 
A $ specimen of Papilio turnus, exhibiting the S coloration, is noticed by 
G. S. Mosse,Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1868, p. xxxix. 
Papilio turnus. Edwards (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. ii. p. 207) notices a re- 
markable form of this species, one half of which is black ((/lauciis) and the 
other yellow (turnus). The dividing line passes down the middle of the body. 
