318 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Coreihra manilensis, sp. n.^ Schiner, Reise der Novara, Zool., Dipt. p. 30, 
Manilla. 
TiPULIDiE. 
SoHiNBR (Reise der Novara, Dipt. pp. 82-34) remarks upon the genera 
of this family, and upon its geographical distribution. Tie combines Nerna- 
tocera (Meig.) with Anisomera (Meig.), Namatocera (Wied.) with MegistO'^ 
cera (Wied.), Apor'osa (Macq.) and Plettusa (Phil.) with Geranomyia 
(Hal.), Hemicteina (Westw.) with Ozodicera (Westw.), Anoplistis (Westw.) 
with Gynoplistia (Westw.), Ozocera (Westw.) with Cerozodia (Westw.), 
Hexatoma (Lat.) and Perenocera (Curt.) with Anisomera (Meig.), Helius 
and Megarhina (St. Farg.) o.nALeptorhina (Steph.) with Rhamphidia (Meig.); 
Cremobia (\^o\.)=^Amalopis (Hal.); Arlienica (O.-Sack.) and Physecrania 
(Bigot) = Erwcera (Macq.) ; Prionocera (Loew) = Stygeropis (Loew) ; 
Ctedonia (V\i\\.)= Gynoplistia (Westw.); Polymoria (V\\W.^ =. Poecilostola 
(Schin.) ; Idioneura (Vh\\.')=i Dicranophragma '(O.-Sack.) ; and 3Iolophilus 
Erioptera (Meig.). Glochma (Meig.) and Dicranomyia (O.-Sack.) 
cannot be separated from Linmobia. Pterolachisus (Rond.) = Tipula ; and 
Limmia (Lat.) contains a mixture of species. Brull<5’s genera Xiphidia and 
Dictenidia are provisionally united by Schiner with Ctenophora. Schiner 
admits G9 well-founded genera, including 913 described species, of which 
380 are European, 358 American, 84 Asiatic, 40 African, and 51 Australian, 
whilst the origin of G exotic species is unknown. 
Dixa, Schiner (/. c. p. 48) regards this genus as the type of a distinct 
family, which he names Dixidce. It includes 20 known species, 13 European 
and 7 American. 
Higginson has published a short account of the natural history of Chiro- 
nomus plumosus (Proc. Liverp. Lit. Phil. Soc. xx. pp. 174-177). 
New genera and species ; — 
Cloniophora^ g. n., Schiner, Reise der Novara, Zool., Dipt. p. 40(= Cerozodia, 
Westw. P). Allied to Gynoplistia. Sp. Gynoplistia subfasciata (Walk.). 
Paratropcsa, g. n., Schiner, 1. c. p. 44. Allied to Linmobia. Sp. P. singu- 
laris, sp. n., Schiner, 1. c. p. 4G, Columbia. 
Pei'ipheroptera, g. n., Schiner, 1. c. p. 47. Allied to Limnobia. Sp. P. nitens, 
sp. n., Schiner, 1. c. p. 47, Columbia. 
Pachyrhina lucida, Schiner, Reise der Novara, Zool., Dipt. p. 34, Madeira. 
Tipula. Schiner describes the following new species of this genus : — 2\ 
eluta, 1. c. p. 35, Brazil ; 2\ graphica, 1. c. p. 3G, South America; T. frauenfcldi, 
1. c. p. 36, Chili ; and T. novarce, 1. c. p. 37, Auckland. 
Ptiloyyna picta, Schiner, 1. c. p. 38, Sydney. 
Gynoplistia melanopyga, Schiner, 1. c. p. 39, Sydney. 
Epiphragma histrio, Schiner, 1. c. p. 41, Columbia. 
Limnophila 7netallica, Schiner, 1. c. p. 41, Sydney. 
Penthoptera fidiginosa, Schiner, 1. c. p. 42, Columbia. 
Trimicra antarctiea, Schiner, 1. c. p. 42, St. Paul ; T. st. pauli, Schiner, 
1. c. p. 43, St. Paul ; T. sydneyensis, Schiner, ibid., Sydney. 
Rhamphidia aherrans, Schiner, 1. c. p, 43, South America. 
Temholabk spinigera, Schiner, 1. c. p. 44, Columbia. 
Limnobia diva, Schiner, 1. c. p. 46, Brazil; L. vicarians, Schiner, ibid., 
Auckland ; L. morionella, Schiner, 1. c. p. 47, South America. 
