•434 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Spitzheryen. According to tlie careful researches of Prof. Torell, there 
are no land- and freshwater shells found in Spitzhergen,” Moucii, Am. 
Journ. Conch, iv. p. 45. 
(rreenland. The land- and freshwater mollusks of this country are enu- 
merated hy i)r. Moiuui, Am. Journ. Conch, iv. pp. 25-40. There are 1 VUrhuiy 
1 Hyalina, 1 Conuhcs, 1 Pupa, 1 Succinca, 1 Planorhis, 2 Limnceus (one of 
tliem with several varieties), and 1 Pisidiuni, altogether t) species; seven 
others are judiciously rejected. Six out of the nine are considered to be 
species peculiar to Greenland ; but all are nearly allied to European and North 
American ; the Succinea is common with Iceland, tlie Planorhis with Siberia ; 
and Ilyalina alliaria (Miller) is a well-known British and German shell. 
x\ll these Arctic species are small, yet they are the largest species of the 
group to which they belong. The land-shells of Greenland are nearly allied 
to species occurring in Iceland, especially the Vitrina. Succinea and Ilyalina 
alliaria agree better with the Iceland species than with American ; but the 
freshwater species are entirely diherent from those of Iceland, approaching 
the American type. [May we not be justihed by this fact in supposing that 
those land-shells were introduced from Europe ?] 
Iceland, The laud- and freshwater mollusks of this island are also enu- 
merated by Dr. IMoiicii, Am. Journ. Conch, iv. pp. 41-45. There are 21 
species (12 terrestrial and 9 freshwater), besides 6 the occurrence of which 
in Iceland is doubtful; almost all are well-known European and especially 
British species; only Succinea yrccnUmdica (Beck) is not yet recognized as 
British, or as living on the continent of Europe. The Vitrina and a Piqui 
could not be specifically determined. The occurrence of some species of 
larger size, as Arion ater (L.), Helix arhustonnn (L.), and hortensis (Miill.), 
distinguishes the Icelandic fauna at the first glance from that of Greenland. 
Shetland Islands. Two species of freshwater Conchifera, 5 of freshwater 
Gastropods, and 10 terrestrial species are enumerated by Jelfreys, Ann. Sc 
Mag. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 314. 
Enyland. In the neighbourhood of Bristol there have been found 6 slugs, 
28 land-shells (with some varieties), 0 freshwater univalves, and I bivalve. 
Testacella maugei occurs in a nursery. Helix cantiana formerly very plentiful 
in a hedge by the river Avon but now destroyed by a railway. White or 
whitish varieties of Helix rufescens, concinna, and rotundata are mentioned. 
0. E. Jellie, in Naturalist and Field-Club Journal, 1867, pp. 148, 149. 
The island of Gotland, in the Baltic, is inhabited by 75 species of land- 
and freshwater mollusks. Limncea auricularia, Puludina vivipara (Miill.), 
and Amphipeplea ylutinosa, which live on the neighbouring coast of Sweden, 
are not found here or on the island Gland, Avhich is still nearer to the coast. 
LiNDSTiroM, Gotlands nutida Mollusker, 1808. 
Pussia. The title of a paper on the Gastropods collected near Moscow by 
Nadejin, has been given above (p. 428). 
Kortluxu Germany. Buliminus tridens (INIiill.), Helix striata (Miill.), 
Vitrina diaphana (l)rap.), and Piqni costulata (Nilss.) found at Frankfurt-ou- 
the-Oder ; Ilyalina suhterranea (Bourg. as Zonites) in the provinces Pome- 
rania, Brandenburg, Silesia, &c. ; and Pujia arctica (AVallenberg) received 
from Ihe “ kleine Schneegrnbe” in Silesia. ItEiNiiAUDT, Sitz. Ber. Gesellsch. 
nafurf. Freunde Berlin, 1808, pp. 10 and 31. — Cyclas sulida (Normand) in 
the IClbe near Hamburg, Martejs'S, ibid. p. 31. 
