MOLLUSCA. 
439 
Some Himalayan snails are described by E. V. Martens, Mai. Blatt. xiv 
pp. 157-102, and three from the Phili^yyines hy the same, ibid. pp. 102-166. 
6. Amtralia and Polynesia. 
The monograph of Australian land-shells, published by Jamics 
C. Cox in Sydney, contains descriptions of all and coloured 
figures of almost all known speeies, 262 in number. Many of the 
figures are original; others, not in the possession of the author, 
are copied from tlie best European works. The known localities 
and the names of the observers are conscientiously recorded. 
172 species belong 1;o the genus Helix in its wider sense {in- 
chiding Hyalinaj P alula j &c.), and are distributed by the author 
in 29 sections, many of which are characteristic of this part of 
the world ; for instance, Panda, called Helicophanta by the au- 
thor, Pedinogyra {Macrocyclis of the same), and those w^hich 
have for types H.pomimi {Vir .) , grayi (Fer.), and hipartita (Fer.), 
mostly consisting of large richly coloured species. , The genus 
Bulimus in its wider sense contains only 19 Australian species, 
most of them belonging to the sections Lijiarus and Car'yodes 
(Alb.). Vitrina is well represented by 15 species [some at least 
may belong to Helicarion'] , Pupa only by 7 of small size. Of 
operculated land-shells there are only 35 species, most of them 
belonging to the genera Truncatclla, Diplommatina, Pupina, and 
Helicina. Cyclophorus is represented by two species only of 
small size, Leptopoma by one limited to the north-east coast; 
Cyclotus is absent. Helix hrevipila (Pfr.) extends from South 
Australia and Victoria to New South Wales and Qtueensland, 
to Cape York and the islands in Torres Straits ; but this is an 
exception : by far the great majority of species occur, or at 
least have hitherto been found, only on one of the coasts of that 
continent ; it may have a few in common with other parts of the 
globe, one or two perhaps with New Zealand ; and, finally, the 
widely diffused Helix similaris (Fer.) occurs also in some Aus- 
tralian localities, but is probably imported. 
New land-shells from New Caledonia are described by Crosse, Journ. 
Conch, xvi. pp. 91-97 and 146-104. 
7. Tropical America. 
Trinidad, Dominica, and Grenada. The land-shells of these 
islands have been examined by Mr. Leciimere Guppy, Ann. & 
Mag. Nat. Hist. i. pp. 438-441, and Proc. Sc. Assoc. Trinid. 
1868, pp. 237-245; those of the two latter islands are treated 
of for the first time. Also Mr. Th. Bland has published a 
paper on the same subject (making use of Mr. Guppy ^s re- 
searches) in Am. Journ. Conchyl. iv. pp. 177-192, and added 
several species from Curac^ao and Buen Ayre. The number of 
