60G 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Norman, A. M. Notes on some British Polyzoa, with descrip- 
tions of some new species. Quart. Journ. Micr. Science, 
vol. xvi. (1868) pp. 212-222, pis. 5, 6, 7. 
Smitt, F. a. Kritisk fdrteckning dfver Skandinaviens Hafs- 
Bryozoer. (Efversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademieiis 
Fdrhand. 1867 (read December 16, 1867), eonclusion, 
pp. 3-230, Taf. 24-28, 3 plates double. 
TUNICATA. 
Devdopment. — Phallusia mammillata, Ciiv., and Ascidici intestinaliSf L. Ko- 
walevsky (1. c.), after alluding- to the researches on the development of the 
Ascidia by Milne-Edwards, Van Beneden, Kiilliker, and especially of Krohn, 
remarks that the results of his researches correspond more with those ob- 
tained by Krohn. Still he has been able to do more than Krohn, in that he 
has watched the development step by step, from the earliest stage of the ovum, 
through the segmentation stage to the complete development of the young 
form, and has also seen the gradual building up of the alimentary tract. The 
earlier stages up to the larval form were chiefly studied in the first-men- 
tioned, and the fixed condition chiefly in the latter-mentioned species j the 
development of the ova of many species appears to be very similar. 
Oculinaritty g. n., Gray, /. c. p. 564. Mass cylindrical, about 8 inches long 
and 14 inch in diameter in spirits. It is white, with ends rather tapering 
and rounded, and consists entirely of a large number of more or less oblong 
cysts, placed closely side by side on every side of an imaginary central axis, 
the cysts covering the ends of the mass like the rest of the body. The cysts 
are hard, cartilaginous, rather convex externally, with two concavities having 
an opening at the base of each. The apertures are slightly raised round the 
edge ; and the centre is closed with four short valves, leaving a stellate four- 
rayed aperture. The outer surface of the cyst is covered with a thick hard 
skin, strengthened externally with imbedded particles of sand, which are 
more abundant and clustered in certain parts, especially in those sunk below 
the general level of the surface. The animal is full of sand. O. australis, 
sp. n.. Gray, 1. c. p. 564, fig. 1, Freemantle, Australia. 
POLYZOA. 
PlIYLACTOLAiMATA. 
CristateUa ophidioidea, sp. n., Hyatt, 1. c. p. 101. 
Pectinatella magnifica, sp. n., Plyatt, 1. c. p. 99, pi. 10. figs. 3, 4, Cambridge, 
Mass. 
Pectinatella carteri, Hyatt, 1. c. p. 7, footnote. Proposed for a species 
of which the statoblast has been described by Carter from Bombay (Ann. 
& Mag. Nat. Hist. 1859, vol. iii. p. 341, pi. 8. figs. 8-15) as belonging to 
Lophopus crystallinus. 
Alcyonella fungosa. Parfitt describes a variety found near Exeter which 
