CRUSTACEA, 
513 
Wagner, Nicolas. Observations sur l^organisation et le deve- 
loppement des Ancees. Bull, de TAcad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 
, 18GG, X. pp. 497-502. 
The General Subject. 
Anatomy and Physiology in General. 
The minute structure of the nervous elements in the eyes of 
the higher Crustacea has been studied and compared with that of 
Insects by Prof. M. Schultze, and is the subject of a separate 
work (see above, p. 512). Several species of brachyurous and 
macrurous Decapods of the Mediterranean have been examined 
for this purpose. The bacilli of the retina are composed of 
stratified plates, as in insects and other animals provided with 
eyes, which is of great importance for the understanding of the 
theory of sight. 
Contributions to Faunas. 
The Crustaceans of the British lakes, especially of Cumberland 
and AYestmoreland, have been investigated by G. Brady. Gam- 
marus and Asellus are scarcely to be found in them ; marine 
forms of Amphipoda, analogous to those in the large lakes of 
Sweden, have not been found ; the Ostracoda are very poorly 
represented, but some of them are rather rare and fine species, 
as Cyj)ris ohliqua (Brady) and Limnocythere inopinata (Baird). 
The Cladocera are more numerous, some of them new or rare, 
as Baphnia jardinii (Baird), Lynceus harbatus, sp. n., and L. 
sj)haricus, v?lY. favosa. Most characteristic is also L. elongatus 
(G . O. Sars) . Common from the low lands to the elevated tarns 
are L. harpce (Baird), L. spharicus, and, of Ostracoda, Cypris ovum 
( J urine) . The poverty of the fauna is very probably due as much 
or more to the want or scarcity of vegetation in those lakes 
than to the elevation and temperature. Pools formed by turf- 
cutters close to the lakes, and filled with water-plants, yielded 
many more species of Baphnidfs and Lynceidce, Intell. Observ, 
xii. pp. 41G-424. 
Some Crustacea collected at the Cape- Verde Islands hy the British Consul, 
Mr. Miller, have been described hy Alph. Milne^ Edwards. One of them 
is common to the Mediterranean, Aetata rufopunctata (M.-Edw.), another to 
the shores of America, Acanthopus yibhesii (M.-Edw.). The author states 
that some other Crustacea are common to both shores of the tropical parts of 
the Atlantic, not only of marine forms, as Keptimus diacanthus (Latr.) and 
Leptopodia sagittaria (Fahr.), hut also of the inland species, viz. a species of 
Cardisoma. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. iv. pp. 49-60. 
Eastern Africa. Fifty-seven species of Crustacea collected by A. Gran- 
DiDiER at Zanzibar, and a few from Madagascar, are enumerated by Alph. 
