680 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Wright, E. Perceval. Notes on Deep-sea Dredging off the 
coast of Portugal. Ibid. pp. 423-427. 
I. INFUSORIA. 
Bechamp & Estor (/. c.)j in their researches concerning the 
origin and development of the Bacteria, arrive at the following 
conclusions : — 
1 . There exists, in all animal cells which they have examined, granulations, 
normal, constant, essential, analogous to those called by M. Bechamp ?m- 
crozyma. They have more especially studied those of the liver. 
2. In a physiological condition these preserve apparently the form of a 
sphere. 
3. Outside the economy, without the intervention of any foreign germs, 
these lose their normal form. They commence to associate together into a 
chaplet, in which state they form a genus under the name of Torula j later 
on, they become so elongated as to represent isolated or associated Bacteria. 
4. These facts have a considerable importance in pathology. These Bac- 
teria, far from being the cause of disease, are, on the contrary, the effects of it. 
Capt. Mitchell, writing from Madras, states that he has transferred, just 
about sunrise, a drop of dew from the point of a leaf to an animalcule-cage 
and examined it. lie found in the drop living ciliated Infusoria. In about 
one out of every two drops examined he found sometimes one, sometimes two, 
of the Infusoria. The fact is simply recorded. Proc. Lit. & Phil. Soc. Liver- 
pool, 1868, vol. vii. p. 23, 
James-Clabk (/. c.) describes the following new genera j but no detailed 
diagnoses are given j the species, however, are described and figured in 
detail : — Bicosoeca, p. 309, Codonoeca, p. 312, Salpingoeca^ p. 319, Heteromastix^ 
p. 335 (the original description of this genus appeared in a work by the au- 
thor entitled ‘ Mind in Nature,’ p. 146, fig. 88). 
New species : — 
Monas neglecta^ Jas.-Olark, 1. c. p. 308, pi. 9. figs. 5, 6. 
Bicosceca gracilipes, Jas. -Clark, 1. e. p. 309, pi. 9. figs. 34, 36, found on Ser- 
tularia . cupressina \ B. lacustris, Jas.- Clark, 1. c. p. 311, p. 9. figs. 33-33 a-c, 
streams and lakes, attached to filamentous algae (vide Zool. Record, 1866, 
p. 642). 
Codonoeca costata, Jas.-Clark, 1. c. p. 312, pi. 9. fig. 36, found in company 
with Bicosceca gracilipes, 
Salpingceca gracilis, Jas.-Clark, 1. c. p. 319, plate 9. figs. 38, 39, iS. amplio^ 
ridium, Jas.-Clark, 1. c. p. 322, pi. 9. figs. 37, 37 d (both these species are 
freshwater) ; S. marinus, Jas.-Clark, I, c. p. 320, pi. 9. figs. 28-32, on Dyna- 
mena pumila, Lamx. 
Anisonema concavum, Jas.-Clark, /. c. p. 333, pi. 10. figs. 65-69. 
Ileteromastix proteiformis, Jas.-Clark, 1. c. p. 336, pi. 10. figs. 70-74. 
Dystei'ia prorcefrons, Jas.-Clark, 1. c. p. 336, pi. 10. figs. 77, 78. 
Pleuronema instahilis, Jas.-Clark, 1. c. p. 337, pi. 10. figs. 75, 76. 
The ‘following Infusoria are described and figured by II. James-Clark 
( «■ ):- 
Monas ter mo, Ehr. ?, p. 306, pi. 9. figs. 1-4. 
