PROTOZOA. 
585 
Lovcnia. [This name being preengaged, has since been altered to Podo- 
s2yongin.~\ 
Theonella, g. n., Gray, 1. c. p. 605. Sponge cup-shaped, thick, covered with 
a smooth rather coriaceous external coat, internally formed of netted spi- 
cules, arranged so as to leave an hexangular mass j the spicules subcylindrical, 
united at the inosculation, ot the network by a siliceous callosity ; the body 
of the spicules generally smooth, but sometimes slightly spiculate on the 
surface, with numerous very slender fusiform spicules of very different sizes 
mixed in the sarcode. The parietes of the cup are pierced with many cylin- 
drical tubes opening on the edge of the cup ; but there is no appearance of 
any spines or oscules on the edge or surface of the dry specimen. Coral-like 
spicular network very like Macandreima. The intersections of the spicules 
are rough and tubercular, like the knots of a net, but more rugose : the spicules 
themselves are generally smooth j but some of them are more or less spinulous, 
with short acute tubercles. The fusiform spicules in the sarcode are abun- 
dant, very slender, slightly tapering to, and acute at, each end ; they vary 
greatly in length, but are always slender and smooth ,* they are generally 
straight, but some few are curved like a nearly expanded bow. T. awinhoeif 
sp. n.. Gray, /. c. p. 60G, figs. 1-3, Formosa, 
Order 2. Halichondrida. 
Sjmngilla meyeni {Ephydatia, Gray), \aix. parjitti, Carter. Carter (1. c.) de- 
scribes this variety, which differs chiefly from the Sp. 7}ieyeni of Bombay in 
the decidedly spinous character of one-third of its largest spicules, while 
about the same proportion in the Bombay species can only be regarded as 
“ incipiently spinous.” 
Spongilla vc.sparium, sp. n.. Martens, 1. c. p. Gl, Taf. 1. fig. 1, Borneo. Near 
Sp. reticidata, Bbk., Amazons. 
XylosjyQngia, g. n., Gray, l.c. p. G37. Frond compressed, fan- shaped, di- 
vided above into strap-shaped flat lobes, rather wider at the ends. Boot an 
expanded disk. Stem thick, wood-like, subcylindrical below, compressed 
above and expanded into a flat fan-like frond, which is divided above into 
eight or ten strap-like flat lobes, like the fingers on the hand, the lobes v'ary- 
ing rather in width, the outer one on each side being the narrowest. The 
root and stem are solid, wood-like ; the upper part of the broad, expanded, 
fan-like part of the stem more or less pierced with diflerent-sized perfora- 
tions, and the part divided into strap-like reticulate lobes, which are generally 
rather wider at the ends. The expanded part of the stem and the strap-like 
lobes are all formed of parallel cylindrical filaments, about as thick as twine, 
which in the upper part of the stem are united together by wood-like matter, 
leaving only a few perforations between them ; but in the strap-like lobes 
the filaments are much more distinct, rather flexuous, inosculating where 
they meet their neighbouring subparallel filaments, united by the wood-Iiko 
material, which is not quite so thick as the filaments. The surface is rather 
rugose, the minute rugosities of the stem and filaments being placed longi- 
tudinally and parallel to each other. Spicules of one kind, minute, slender, 
fusiform, often very slightly curved or arched. X. cookci, sp. n., Gray, 1. c. 
p. 637, hab. unknown. 
