PROTOZOA. 
591 
Group VI. Fungi. 
Group VII. Myxomycetes. 
Group VIII. Frotoplasta (Amoeboidn). 
1. Gymnamoebce {Autamceha, Nticlearia, &c.). 
2. LepamoebaB {Arcclla, Diffiugia, &c.). 
3. Gregarinre {Monocystida and Polycystida). 
Group IX. NoctilucuE. 
Group X. Rhizopoda. 
1. Acyttaria {Monothalamia and Polythalamia). 
2. Ileliozoa (^Actinosphcprium) . 
3. Iladiolaria {M.onocyttaria and Polycyttaria), 
Monera. Organisms without organs, which form, in the fully developed 
state, a freely moving, perfectly structureless, homogeneous mass of naked sar- 
code. Nuclei never differentiated. Locomotion is effected by pseudopodia, 
varying in form, which either remain simple or ramify and anastomose. 
Nutrition is effected generally after the manner of the Rhizopods. Repro- 
duction is effected solely in a non-sexual manner (monogeny). Often, but 
not always, the freely moving condition alternates with a state of rest, during 
which the organism is surrounded by a structureless excreted covering. All 
Monera live in water. 
Gymnomonera. Monera without a quiescent stage, naked. 
Genus 1. Protamceha, Hackel, I, c. p. 130. Simple, shapeless body of pro- 
toplasm; no vacuoles; pseudopods simple, neither ramifying nor anasto- 
mosing. Reproduction by fission. P. primitiva^ Hackel, Gen. Morph. 1866, 
i. p. 133, and 1. c. p. 130, pi. 3. figs. 25-30, fresh water, Tautenberg Forest, 
Jena. 
Genus 2. Protoyencs, Hackel, Zeitschr. fur wissensch. Zool. 1865, xv. 
p. 300, and 1. c. p. 130. As Protamocha, but psoudopods ramifying and ana- 
stomosing. P. primordialisj ibid. p. 360, pi. 26. figs. 1, 2, and 1. c. p. 131, Me- 
diterranean, near Nice. 
Genus 3. Myxodictyum, g. n., Hackel, 1. c. p. 131. Consisting of several 
simple, shapeless bodies of protoplasm ; no vacuoles ; pseudopods ramifying 
and anastomosing. Through the anastomosing of the pseudopods of the dif- 
ferent bodies a net-like structure is formed. Reproduction probably by fission 
and by the detachment of single forms, these giving rise to new colonies ? 
M. sociale, sp. n., Hackel, I, c. p. 131, pi. 3. figs. 31-33, Algesiras Bay, Gibraltar. 
Lepomonera. Monera having a quiescent stage, covered, the locomotive 
stage alternating with or ending in the quiescent stage. 
Genus 4. Protomonas, Hackel, 1. c. p. 131. Body of protoplasm simple, 
shapeless ; no vacuoles ; pseudopods simple or ramifying. Reproduction by 
zoospores, which combine into plasmodia. P. amyli^ Hackel {= Monas amyli^ 
Cienkowski, Archiv f. mikrosk. Anat. i. p. 166, pi. 12. figs. 1-5), I, c. p. 132, 
decaying Nitellay Germany and Russia. 
Genus 6. Protomyxa, g. n., Hackel, 1. c. p. 132. Generic characters as in 
Pi'otomonas, but body containing vacuoles. P. aurantmca, sp. n., Hseckel, 
l.c. p. 132, pi. 2. figs. 1-12, on empty shells of Sjnrida peronii, Lanzarote. 
Genus 6. Vampyrella, Cienkowski. V. spirogyrts, C., V. pendula, C., and 
V. voraXy C., all in fresh water. 
Genus 7. Myxastrum, g. n., Hackel, 1. c. p. 134. Protoplasm body simple, 
