THE GENERAL SUBJECT. 
5 
1 . What is the best way to seek h iiriori a general view of the 
axial skeleton^ or in what way may the axial skeleton as a whole 
be most reasonably regarded a priori ? 
2. What is the essential nature of ribs, transverse processes, 
and sternum ? 
3. What is the essential nature of branchial arches, and in 
what relation do they stand to ribs ? 
4. What is the essential nature, as compared with branchial 
arches, of the hyoidean arch, mandible, and more anterior 
structures ? 
5. What relation exists between chevron bones and other parts 
of the skeleton ? 
At the conclusion of this paper, Mr. Mivart examines also the 
views recently expressed by Prof. Gegenbaur with regard to the 
appendicular skeleton. 
Pettigrew, J. B. On the physiology of wings, being an ana- 
lysis of the movements by which flight is produced in the 
Insect, Bat, and Bird. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 1871, xxvi . 
pp. 321-448, pis. 11-16. 
Reichert, C. B. Beitrag zur feineren Anatomic der Gehdr- 
schnecke beim Menschen und den Saugethieren. Du 
Bois-R. and Reichert, Arch. f. Anat. 1871, pp. 117-163, 
pis. 5 & 6. 
Stricker, S., and Sanderson, B. On a new method of study- 
ing the capillary circulation in Mammals. Rep. Brit. 
Assoc. (1870) 1871, Trans, pp. 142, 143. 
7. Faunas, 
Arctic Ocean, Lindemann has published, Eine Geschichte 
der arktischen Eischerei der deutschen Seestadte, 1620-1868,’^ 
in Peterraamds Mitthcil. 1869, no. 26. It contains instructive 
accounts of the natural history of various Cetaceans, of the 
Walrus, Seals, and Arctic Bear. 
Great Britain, Mammalia and Reptilia of Norfolk, by 
T. Southwell. Tr, Norw. Soc. i. p. 71. Reprinted, Zoologist, 
1871, pp. 2751-60. A paper of local interest. 
Pomerania, ^ Die Wirbelthiere Pommerns,^ by T. Holland. 
Stolp: 1871. 8vo, pp. 119. The author enumerates 59 Mam- 
malia. A work of local interest. 
North America. A paper by J. A. Allen, entitled On the 
Mammals and Winter-Birds of East Florida,^^ fills the third 
number of vol. ii. of the 'Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative 
Zoology^ (pp. 161-450). The author gives a sketch of the topo- 
graphical, climatic, and faunal characteristics of East Florida, 
and enumerates 35 species of Mammalia (pp. 168-185). The 
