GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
123 
to that in the 2nd edition of Alberses ' Heliceeii/ though some- 
what improved ; the other families are arranged in an analogous 
manner. The species represented in the Senckenbergian Mu- 
seum at Frankfort, containing the collection of the German 
Malacological Society, are marked with an asterisk ; and there 
is a complete alphabetical index, comprising also the synonyms. 
A few critical and supplementary notes are given by the Re- 
corder in Nachr. malak. Ges. iii. pp. 149-156, 167-174. 
1. Northern and Central Europe, 
Westerlund has published two nearly identical works on the 
Scandinavian terrestrial Mollusca : — one, * Expose critique,^ pub- 
lished in Trans, of the Upsala Acad., written in French, and, as 
it were, a ' prodromus ^ of the other (though containing full de- 
scriptions, with numerous critical remarks, and also including the 
freshwater species), limited to Sweden and Norway; the other, 
which includes also Denmark, discussing more copiously the lite- 
rature and historj^ of the individual genera (but only the first 
part of it, containing the land Mollusca, has been published). 
In both, the author is very minute in distinguishing species 
and subspecies — even proposing a new one, under the name of 
Clausilia nilssoni, for a shell never seen by him, and founded on 
a description given by Nilsson. The Linnsean species are made 
out with peculiar care, the author having examined the different 
localities indicated by Linnseus in his ^ Fauna Suecica,^ and parti- 
cularly tlie island of Glland. He enumerates 137 species and 
42 subspecies, 82 of which are terrestrial and 54 inhabitants of 
fresh water. From Norway, only 80 species are known ; one of 
which. Helix candicans, does not appear to occur in Sweden. 
The province of Blekinge, in the middle part of Sweden, the home 
of the author, numbers 108 species ; the islands of Gotland and 
(Eland, each 77 ; the northern province of Dalecarlia, 81 ; and 
Lapland only 22. 
Russia. Land and freshwater shells collected in middle Russia and in the 
Ural by Ehrenberg, during his voyage with Humboldt in 1829, are enume- 
rated by the Recorder in SB. Nat. Fr. 1871, pp. 46-60 ; they are of well- 
known species, widely distributed in Europe ; but it is worthy of mention 
that Helix pomatia, nemoralis, hortcnsis, and arhustortwi were not found, H, 
fruticum being apparently the largest land-shell of these countries. Amphi- 
pcplen (jlutinosa lives in Lake Waldai. 
The Recorder has continued his review of the literature bearing on the 
distribution of the German Mollusca (cf. Zool. Rec. vii. p. 120), now treating of 
the south-eastern parts of Germany included in the system of the Danube. 
Nachr. malak. Ges. iii. pp. 81-86, 97-103, lCl-164, 179-186, 193-197. 
SxREBEii enumerates several spp. of land and freshwater shells observed 
by him near Hamburgh : ibid. p. 15. 
Notes concerning Mollusca found by Claudius in the southern parts of the 
