130 
MOLLUSCA. 
and given by him to the Frederick-Werder Gymnasium, Berlin, 
lias been described by Langkavel, with the assistance of the 
Recorder, in a prospectus of that institution (published also 
separately, with several additions, under the title Donum 
Bismarckianum^'). Almost all the spp. have been already 
named and shortly described by Pease ; but many are here figured 
for the first time. A few critical remarks are added by the 
Recorder; and a geographical review of the individual islands 
in Avhich the spp. occur is subjoined by Langkavel. 
21 spp., wrongly attributed by recent concliologists to the fauna of New 
Caledonia, are enumerated by Crosse, J. de Conch, xix. pp. 170-187. 
109 spp. of marine shells, resulting from Brazier’s dredgings, are added to 
the known fauna of Port Jackson by Angas, P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 87-101 j and 
the spp. nn. are described and figured, ibid. pp. 13-21, pi. 1. 
Contemporaneous Changes of Fauna. 
Helix austriaca, acclimatized 17 years ago near Stettin, thrives there very 
well and multiplies considerably. IL advena is recorded as having lived for 
4 years in confinement, moving about during damp weather or when fresh 
food was supplied, also after having shut up its orifice completely. Doiirn, 
Nachr. malak. Ces. iii. pp. 17 & 18. 
Helix ohvia (Ihirtm.) is noticed as being acclimatized in several localities 
near Berlin. Friedel, ibid. pp. 74 & 75. 
Kobelt refers to instances of various spp. of terrestrial Mollusca becoming 
very rare in localities where they were formerly plentiful, partly after un- 
usually dry years, partly on account of changes in the culture of the soil. 
Ibid. pp. 9-14. 
Littorina littorea (L.) spreads on various points of the shores of the United 
States. Fuller, Am. Nat. iv. p. 250. 
Palceontology of Recent Species. 
Various localities in which recent species have been found on the Danish 
coasts in somewhat elevated spots, and many of which were probably duo to 
former inhabitants, are collected from local authors by Morch, Vid. Medd. 
1871, pp. 171 &172. 
The occurrence of several recent spp. in diluvial strata of Germany is men- 
tioned by TisciiBKiN (Nachr. malak. Ges. iii. p. 54) and Friedel (ibid, pp. 
73 k 71). 
Oi/closloma elegans (Midi.) is recorded by Broeck (Ann. Mai. Belg. v. p. 28) 
as found with other recent freshwater spp. in a subfossil stratum below the 
polder-clay and above old turf strata in the province of Antwerp, where it has 
never been found alive. 
Large accumulations of shells identical with recent spp. have been observed 
in the department of the Gironde. They are attributed to a geological ele- 
vation of the coast by Delfortrie, but are of later age than the beds in 
which bones worked by man and stone instruments are found. Act. Soc. L. 
Bord. xxvii. pp. 23-28. 
. Several spp. living at present on the shores of New England are identified 
with crag-fossils by Bell, Ann. N. II, (4) vii. p. 173. 
