TUNICATA, POLYZOA. 
. 177 
LissocUrntnif g. n. Allied to Didemnium, the zooids being scattered along 
the common cloacaL ducts. L. aureum and tenerum, spp. nn., New-England : 
id. 1. c. pp. 444 & 445. 
Leptoclinum alhidum and luteolum, id. 1. e. p. 446, New-England : spp. nn. 
Doliolum. Several spp. have been observed in the Mediterranean by Moss, 
Q. J. Micr. Sci. (2) xi. pp. 403-405, pi. 18. 
Appendicular ia. Individuals containing eggs and spermatozoa are de- 
scribed by Saville Kent, ihid. pp. 267-270, pi. 14. figs. 1-4. On its anatomy, 
cf. Moss, Tr. L. S. xxvii. pp. 299-304, pi. xlvii. 
POLYZOA. 
Claparede has discussed some controversial points of the 
anatomy and physiology of the Bryozoa in his ^^Beitrage zur Ana- 
tomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der See-Bryozoen/^ Z. wiss. 
Zool. xxi. pp. 137-174, pis. 8-10 (1870). From observations 
made on Bugula avicularia, Bcrupocellaria scruposa, and Vesicu- 
laria cuscuta, he regards the zooecia as being the real animals, 
some of them having an intestine, and receives with doubt the 
physiological functions ascribed by Smitt to the floating cells 
and to the network of channels described by that eminent 
observer ; he describes the simple structure of the endocyst in the 
marine Bryozoa ; observes the reabsorption of the tentacles and 
intestines and the simultaneous appearance of the so-called 
brown bodies describes the ramified nervous system and 
some hollow strings connected with it in Btigula, and the forma- 
tion of the eggs within the zooecium and their slipping into 
the ovicellsj and, finally, states the difference between the 
budding of Loxosoma and that of Pedicellina, 
Nitsche Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Bryozoen, Neue 
Folge : IV. Ueber die Morphologie der Bryozoen,^^ Z. wiss. 
Zool. xxi.) publishes his views on the morphology of the Bryozoa. 
After a short recapitulation of the ideas of previous authors, he 
states his adherence to the view of Allman, also proposed, in 
somewhat obscure terms, by Reichert {cf. Zool. llec. vii. p. 186), 
viz. that the cells (zooecia) and polypids are to be regarded as 
two distinct individuals, the latter being produced by budding 
from the former, and that the individuals of the Bryozoa may 
be divided into cystids and polypids, in the same manner as the 
Ccelenterata are classified as medusoid or hydroid. The chief 
representatives of the cystid individuals are the zooecia ; but the 
avicularia and vibracula, the ooecia of the Chilostomata and 
Crisiid(B, the joints of the stem in the Vesiculariadcc, and the 
rooting-threads of some Bryozoa are also to be regarded as such. 
To the polypids, on the contrary, belong also the peculiar 
bodies described by Busk in the avicularia of some Cellula- 
riad(B, which bear feeling-bristles, and are named Fuhlknbpfe 
(feeling-buttons) by the author. The genital function, com- 
monly proper to the cystids, is transferred to the polypids in 
1871. [voL. viir.] o 
