178 
MOLLUSCOIDA. 
Fedicellma, Loxosoma represents single polypid individuals, 
living and propagating by themselves. No Bryozoa are known 
which have only cystid individuals and wholly want polypids ; 
but in the greater number cystids produce as well cystids as 
polypids, and the propagation of the Bryozoa cannot, therefore, 
be regarded on the whole as eflPected by a true alternating gene- 
ration, which seems probable only in the VesiculariidcE, in which 
some cystids form the stem and others (the zooecia) produce the 
eggs. The budding, in all Bryozoa which have been accurately 
observed, issues from the endocyst, not from the floating greasy 
or lymphatic corpuscles. Finally, the author is opposed to the 
application to the whole class of Bryozoa of the histological 
views taken by Reichert from the observation of only one 
species in its adult state. 
Nitsche {ibid. ‘^III. Ueber die Anatomie und Entwicklungs- 
geschichte von Flustra membranacea/^ 1. c. pp. 1-53, pis. 1-3 ; 
also published, with the preceding paper, separately, Leipzig : 
8vo, 83 pp., 3 pis.) gives a full account of the structure and 
anatomy of Flustra membranacea (L.), and of its whole life- 
history, tracing the budding of one cell (zooscium) from the 
other, and the final decaying of the polypids ; he points out that 
the two spines placed on the septum of the zooecia belong to the 
hinder extremity of the younger individual, and maintains that 
the brown bodies found in the zooecia are the remains of the 
decaying polypids, not secretions of the endocyst — also that the 
zooecia, after losing their polypids, can continue living and pro- 
duce new buds of polypids. 
The same author (Q. J. Micr. Sci. 2, xi. pp. 155-162) de- 
scribes the increase in colonies of this species, and comes to the 
conclusion that in it a. common bud^^ (in Smiths meaning) 
does not exist ; that the brown bodies are mere remains of 
decaying polypids (already stated by Smitt, but called in doubt 
by Claparede), and that a zooecium, having lost its polypid, 
can produce a new one by an internal budding of its endocyst. 
Hincks {ibid. pp. 235-238), in opposition to Nitsche’s state- 
ment that the brown bodies are mere remains of decaying 
polypids, is of Smitt's former opinion, that they are destined 
for the reproduction of polypids. This author has also pub- 
lished (Pop. Sci. Rev., Jan. 1870) a paper “On some interest- 
ing points in the History of Polyzoa,^^ which the Recorder has 
not seen. 
Electra, Lamx. Fischer separates the well-known Flustra pi’losa (L.) fi’om 
the genus Memhranipora under the above name, Electra vet'ticillata (Lamx.) 
being only a peculiar variety of growth of the same \ six different varieties 
are enumerated. Act. Soc. L. Bord. xxvii. p. 15. 
Valkeria [? Walkeria vet Valceria] vidovici (Heller) = FesiWana cuscuta 
(L.), Claparede, Z. wiss. Zool. xxi. p. 143, footnote. 
