CRUSTACEA. 
79 
CllUSTACEA 
BY 
Eduard von Martens, M.D., C.M.Z.S. 
Dohrn, a. Untersuchungen iiber Bau u. Entwicklung der 
Arthropoden. XI. Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntniss der 
Malakostraken und ihrer Larvenformen. Z. wiss. Zool. 
xxi. pp, 356-379, pis. 27-30. 
Heller, C. Untersuchungen iiber die Crustaceen Tirols. 
Verb. Ver. Innsbr. i. pp. 67-96, pis. 1 & 2. 
Hesse, M. Observations sur des Crustacees rares ou nouveaux 
des cotes de la France. — No. XIX. Ann. Sci. Nat. (5) xv. 
50 pp. 2 pis. 
PouRTALES, L. F. DE. [See Stimpson.] 
SiEBOLD, C. T. von. Beitrage znr Parthenogenesis der Ar- 
thropoden. Leipzig, 1871, 8vo, 238 pp., with 2 pis. 
Stimpson, W., & Pourtales, L. F. de. Preliminary Report 
on the Crustacea dredged in the Gulf-stream in the 
Straits of Florida. — Part I. Brachyura. Bull. Mus. C. Z. 
ii. no. 2, Dec. 1870, pp. 109-160. 
Physiology. 
The regular occurrence of parthenogenesis in Apus, Artemia, 
Limnadia, and perhaps also Polyphemus, is substantiated by Von 
S iEBOLD (Beitrage &c. pp. 160-222). The d of Apus, \ong un- 
known, has been detected by Kozubowski at Cracow, and sub- 
sequently found also in a few other localities, but always from 46 
to 50 per cent, less in number than the ? , according to the state- 
ments of different authors. Siebold himself has examined a 
large number of Apus cancriformis, from a pond near Munich, 
for 6 consecutive years, in some years during 2 or 3 different 
months, and on three occasions probably scrutinizing all the 
colony (once, no less than 5796 in number) existing in the pond, 
which was dried up : but all the specimens he examined were 
? . He is therefore persuaded that in Apus, as in some Insect a, 
the ? can produce fertile eggs without male connexion, at all 
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