212 
' INSECTA. 
BrefelDj Oscar. Untersuchungen jiber die Entwicklung der 
Empusa muscae und Empusa radicans, und die durch sie 
verursachten Epidemien der Stubenfliegen und Raupen. 
Halle, 1871, 4to, pp. 50, pis. 4 (Sep.-Abdr. Abb. Ges. 
Halle, xii.) . 
After a review of the literature of the fungoid diseases of Insects, the au- 
thor enters at some length upon the morphology and physiology of Empusa, 
resulting in the decided opinion that the fungoid growth is the cause and not 
the consequence of the disease. Highly magnified drawings are given of 
mycelium, spores, &c., in various degrees of development. 
Burgess, E. [See Scudder.] 
Butschli, O. Vorlaufige Mittbeilung fiber den Bau und Ent- 
wicklung der Samenfaden bei Insecten und Crustaceen. 
Z. wiss. Zool. xxi. pp. 402-415. 
. Nabere Mittbeilungen fiber die Entwicklung und den 
Bau der Samenfaden der Insecten. Ibid. pp. 526-534, pis, 
xl. & xli. 
Further contributions to protoplasmic literature, treating of spermatozoa of 
Agrion puella, Calopteryx virgo, HgdropMlm piceus^ Clythra octomaculata, 
Blatta orientalis, and Qammarus puUx. 
Cooke, M. C. Vesicating Insects, Pbarm. J. & Tr. (3) pp. 
101, 141, 181, 261, 321, 383, 423, 503, 521, 
The parts published in 1871 discuss the Mylahridce, Cantharidcs, and Me- 
loid(B\ but other insects used as substitutes” or ^^adulterating-agents” are in- 
tended to be included in the work. Woodcuts are given of most of the spp, 
described j and the observations consist of (chiefly reproduced) descriptions of 
all the spp. reputed to be vesicating, with references to authorities and general 
remarks; but the only practically useful feature in such a compilation, viz, 
an analysis or a reference to the respective proportions of the active blistering 
principle contained in each species, is omitted. 
Darwin, Charles. Secondary sexual characters of Insects, 
(Chapters x. & xi. pp. 341-423, of the autbor^s ^ Descent of 
Man.^ London: 1871.) 
In discussing the argument of sexual selection, the author, after referring, 
amongst other instances, to the diversified structures possessed by the males 
of the Imecta for seizing the females, the differences between sexes of which 
the meaning is not understood, and especially the difierence in size between 
the sexes, and briefly referring to sexual distinctions, &c. in the Thysanura, 
J)iptera, Heteropterous and Homopterous Hemiptera (especially the musical 
powers possessed by the males alone in the latter suborder), enters at some length 
upon the pugnacity, colours, and structurally much-diversified musical in- 
struments of the males of the Orthoptera^ the colour-differences in the Eeu~ 
roptera, the pugnacity and colours of the Hymenoptera, the colours, pugnacity, 
and horny developments of the males, and the possession of stridulating or- 
gans by both sexes of the Coleoptera, and the various well-known sexual mo- 
