214 
INSECTA. ' 
pis. viii., ix. & X.), tlie development of HydropMlus piceuSj of -which the author 
discusses three separate embryonic periods, figuring 17 stages of the embryo, 
with highly magnified sections of different portions of its structure, and the 
larva j 2 (pp. 44-63, pis. xi. & xii. figs. 19-80), the like development, from the 
earliest perceptible germ, of Apis mdlifica ) 3 (pp. 63-66, pi. xii. figs. 1-10), a 
sketch of the like development in various Lepidoptera ; and, 4 (pp. 66-60), 
general observations on the development of the Insecta. 
Kunstler, Gustav. Die unseren Kulturpflanzen schadlichen 
Insekten. Verb. z.-b. Wien, xxi. (Beih.) pp. 96. 
In this practical little treatise, compiled for the use of agriculturists, the 
author discusses some 150 species of all orders, known to destroy cultivated 
plants. Especial stress is laid upon the indications of injuries by insects, 
and the stages in which they are most destructive, with suggestions of 
remedies. 
Laboulbene, Alexandre. Observations siir des Noix vereuses 
et sur les Insectes qui les habitent. Ann. Soc. Ent. Er. (5) 
i. pp. 295-298. 
Treats of l^phonella nucis, Perr. (Dipt.)y and Carpocapsa pomonanay Hiibn. 
iUp.). 
Leydig, F. Beitrage und Bemerkungen zur wiirtembergischen 
Fauna mit tlieilweisem Hinblick auf andere deutsche 
Gegenden. Wurtt. JH. xxvii. pp. 199-271. 
Part vi., relating to the Insecta (pp. 243-265, and p. 271), adds many spp. 
of Coleoptera to Steudel's listj a few Hymenoptera, DipUray Hemiptera 
(notably Fulgora europcea)y Orthoptera (especially Mantis religiosd)y and iVcw- 
roptera are also mentioned. 
Lowne, B. T. Observations on Immature sexuality and Alter- 
nate Generation in Insects. Tr. E. Soc. 1871, pp. 193- 
202 . 
Chiefly from having observed the larvae of certain Orthoptera copulating, 
the author believes in a visible transition from a winged to a wingless mature 
form, repudiating the idea of an ancestral larval form. At p. 202 is a table 
of his views concerning the various larval forms in the Amndosa and Annu- 
hida. The phenomena of wingless females and of dermal appendages in the 
males are considered to be purely sexual, though not produced by selection, 
Lubbock, Sir John. On the origin of Insects. P. L. S. xi. 
pp. 422-425. 
A brief summary of the recorded opinions as to the stem-form ” of the 
Insectay on the Darwinian hypothesis. The author agrees with Braiier in 
considering Campodea as the form most nearly approaching to this ideal, re- 
marking that it is the living representative of a primseval type, from which 
not only the Collemhola (Podtira &c.) and Thysanura, but the other great 
orders of the Insecta, have all derived their origin. ( Of. Wallace’s Presi- 
dential Address, Pr. E. Soc. 1871, p. Ixix et seq. ; Beale, Nature, v. pp. 63 & 
142; Lowne, p. 101.) 
