GENERAL NOTES. 353 
xanthot/raphaf and Ettchelia jacohee<B^ see Goossens and Fallon, ihid. Bull, 
pp. Ivii & Iviii. 
Brefeld’s work, referred to in General Subject,” contains the full history 
of a fungus which infests the larva of Pieris hrassicee, 
Kunstleb (see “General Subject”) publishes many valuable notes on 
Lepidoptera injurious to cultivated plants, and the means of destroying them. 
On various Lepidoptera injurious to the crops in Italy, see Apelle Dei, 
Bull. Ent. Ital. iii. pp. 71, 76, .360-366. 
On recorded swarms of Vanessa car did, Pontia cratcegi, and Pieris hrassiccCf 
see Koppen, S. E. Z. xxxii. pp. 189, 190. 
On geographical distribution, with special reference to Boisduval’s ^ L6pi- 
dopteres de Californie,’ see Prittwitz, ibid. pp. 246-250. 
Great Britain. R. 0. R. Jordan (Ent. M. M. viii. pp. 46-62) discusses 
the origin of the British Lepidoptera, and classifies them into (1) Migrants of 
the glacial epoch ; (2) Migrants of a warmer postglacial epoch ; (3) Direct 
migrants ; (4) Western migrants ; (6) Autochthones ; (6) Naturalized species. 
Under each division representatives are mentioned, and general remarks of 
great interest added. A full list is appended of Lepidoptera as yet only 
taken in Great Britain. 
Notes on Lepidoptera, by W. Herd, Scot. Nat. i. pp. 116 & 116. 
II. G. Knaggs, in “ Notes on new and rare British Lepidoptera (excepting 
Tineina) in 1871 ” (Ent. Ann. 1872, pp. 107-121), records 9 new British 
species. 
For a rambling paper on entomology and other things at York, and chiefly 
devoted to Lepidoptera, cf. Birchall, Ent. v. pp. 390-392. 
A list of Malvern Ijopidoptera, as far as the genus Tceniocampa, is published 
by E. Horton, Tr. Malv. Club, iii. pp. 176-184. 
A list of Ijcpidoptera occurring near Leominster and at Whitfield is 
given in Tr. Woolh. Club, 1870, pp. 256-265. 
New or rare Scotch Lepidoptera are recorded in Scot. Nat. i. pp. 9-118. 
F. Buchanan White, in ‘ Fauna Perthensis, or Contributions towards a 
Knowledge of the Animals inhabiting Perthshire,’ pt. i. (Perth : 1871, 4to, 
pp. 31, map), has published a catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Perthshire, pre- 
ceded by general remarks on the topography, geology, climate, and rainfall of 
the county. He gives a table of the number of species occurring in different 
latitudes in Britain, showing a steady decrease northwards. The proportion 
of moths to butterflies in Britain is 31/y to 1 ; and, as there are 31 butter- 
flies in Perthshire, there should be 963f^ moths, or 497| Macrolepidoptera 
(including the Pyrales and Cramhi) and 499^ Microlepidoptera. The total 
number of Lepidoptera (exclusive of Tortrices, Tinecs, and Pterophori) at 
present recorded as inhabiting Perthshire is 461, out of the above 497. 
The Tortrices, although imperfectly known, number 107 ; the and 
Pterophori are not included in the present work. The influences of food- 
plant, climate, latitude or altitude, and locality, on distribution, variation, 
&c., are briefly touched upon. 
For a list of Lepidoptera of Ayrshire, with remarks, cf. J. P. Duncan, Scot. 
Nat. i. pp. 74-78. 
Birchall, Ent. M. M. viii. pp. 6-8, enumerates 30 species (some rather 
doubtful) added to the Irish fauna since the publication of his list of the 
Lepidoptera of Ireland. 
1871. [voL. VIII.] 2 B 
