OLIGOCH^TA NEMATOIDEA. 451 
Megascolex (^Perichccta) antarctica, New Zealand, sancttclielmcSf St. Helena, 
Baird, 1. c. p. 9G. 
Scenw-is ahyssicola and Umicola, Verrill, 1. c. pp. 449 & 460, Lake Superior. 
Tuhifex <profundicolaj id. 1. c. p. 461, Lake Superior. 
uPlolosoma ternarium, Schmarda, 1. c. p. 361, fig. 268, Ceylon. 
GEPHYREA. 
Sipuncidus. On structure, of. J. D. Macdonald, Ann. N. H. (4) Tiii. 
pp. 221-223. 
Actinotrocha. On the development of a widely distributed Mediterranean 
species allied to A. hranehiata, of, E. Metschnikoff, Z. wiss. Zool. xxi. pp. 244- 
261, pis. 19 k 20. 
Ilalicryptus spintdosm, Sieb., and Priapidtat caudatusy Ijam. On the early 
stages of their development, cf. Willemoes-Suhm, ibid. pp. 386-387. He 
figures a portion of the young animal of the last, and an undescribed gland 
which it possesses in common with IlalicryptuSj pi. 33. fig. 20. Translated 
Ann. N. H. (4) viii. pp. 143, 144. 
Echiurus furcimcn, Patagonia, and Aspidosiphon jukesij Lee Sandbanks, 
spp. nn. : Baird, P. L. S. xi. p. 97. 
NEMATOIDEA. 
Schmidt, A. Ueber den Ruben-Nematoden. Zeitschr. d. Ver. 
f. Riiben- Industrie im Zollverein, 1871. 
Not seen by the Recorder. 
EcMnodcres and Dmrmcolex. An abstract of 0 roof’s papor {cf, Zool. Roc. 
vi. pp. 633, 030) is givon in SB. Ver. Rhoinl. pp. 8-10. 
Oxyuris dicsingi and 0. blnUccorientaUsy llammerschmidt. Their habits, 
structure, and anatomy are fully detailed by O. Butschli, Z. wiss. Zool. xxi. 
pp. 262-293, pis. 21, 22. They infest the large intestines ; and the eggs pass 
from the body and become developed in the dung. The second species is 
much rarer, and apparently the older form ; and the first is probably a later 
and better adapted modification, which will supplant the other in time. 
O. spinicauda and h'evicaudcday I)uj. Early development described and 
figured by Willemoes-Siflim, Z. wiss. Zool. xxi. pp. 180-190, pi. 12. figs. 1-10. 
The embryo of the former develops with equal rapidity in either fresh or 
salt water. 
Ascaris lumbricoideSy L. Anatomy described by B. T. Lowne, M. Micr. J. 
v. pp. 66-04, 87 k 88, pis. 75 & 70. The Nematoids are strictly inter- 
mediate between the Echinodcrmata and Annelida. In the Echinodermata 
and in Ascaris there is a ganglionic ring giving off nerve-cords in a similar 
manner. The earthworm has a single ventral nerve-cord connected with a 
ganglionic ring. A step brings us to a single ventral nerve-cord with gan- 
glionic enlargements ; and the transition is easy to the wdiole series of Homo- 
gangliata. The water-vascular system of the Nematoids with its vesicles 
resembles that of the Echinoderinata ; the pharynx, pharyngeal teeth, and 
segmented integument are annelidan j and the nervous system is more like 
that of nn earthworm. 
