454 
VERMES. 
TREMATOIDEA. 
Polystoma integerrimum. Willemoes-Siilim describes the eggs and young 
larvoo of this common parasite in the bladder of Pana fempo^^aria. He thinhs 
the young larvae enter the frog directly, without passing through any other 
animal. Nachr. Ges. Gotting. 1870, pp, 181-185, 
Diston%^ Jiepaticum appai’ently commences its existence as Cerearia cysto- 
pJiora, Wagoner, parasitic on Planoi'his marginutay according to Willemoes- 
Suhm, Z. wiss. Zool. xxi. pp. 176-179, He also describes and figures the ana- 
tomy and eggs of P. megastoma. Hud., parasitic on rays and sharks in the 
Mediterranean, and notices D. sinuatumy fasciatumy capitellatumy and fili- 
formey Hud., figuring the eggs of the first two (/. <?. pp. 179-182, pi. 11. 
figs. 4-7). 
Distoma ocrcatimy Hud. On a free-living, sexless, larval form found in the 
Baltic and Sound, and supposed to belong to this species, cf. Willemoos- 
Suhm, Z. wiss. Zool. xxi. pp. 382 & 383; translated Ann, N. II. (4) viii. pp. 
142 & 143. 
Amphistoma conicum and Disfoma Jiepaticum. From observations on these 
species, L. Stieda (ArcF Anat. Phys. 1871, pp. 31-40, fig.) confirms those of 
Blumberg. The chief difierence between the Trematoda and Bothriocephali 
lies in the position of the vagina. In the former it opens on the back, and 
self-fertilization is impossible ; while in the Bothriocephali it opens near the 
penis, and self-fertilization is both possible and necessary. 
Amphistoma conicum. C. Blumberg (Ueber den Bau des Amphistoma 
co7iicum. Dorpat : 1871 , 4to, pp. GO, plate) gives a full account of its ana- 
tomy, preceded by remarks on his mode of examination and preparation of 
the specimens, and a short bibliogTaphy. It infests the paunch of ruminants, 
and is found in clusters in oxen, chiefly near the point where the paunch ad- 
joins the bonnet. It adheres so strongly to the mucous membrane between 
the long lancet-shaped projections of the paunch as to require considerable 
force to dislodge it, when it leaves behind a small rounded elevation, un- 
doubtedly caused by its sucking. The so-called Laurer’s canal ” forma the 
indication of a vagina. There is no internal connexion between the cf and 
$ organs of the TrematodUy as was formerly supposed ; and the union of 
two individuals always takes place. 
For an analysis of Blumberg’s work, ef. Z. ges. Naturw. (2) iv. pp. 49G- 
499. 
Leucochloridmm paradoxum : cf, M. Schultze, SB. Ver. Bheinl. xxviii. 
p. 129. 
Polycotyley g. n., Willemoes-Suhm, Z. wiss. Zool. xxi. p. 183. Corporis 
para anterior attenuata, incisura a parte postica secreta. Os sine acetabulis. 
Plectana uncimilis carentia, numerosa in lamella asymmetriea corporis 
partem posteriorem longitudinaliter ornante. Ova subrotunda.” Type 1\ 
ornata, sp. n., id. 1. c. pi. II. fig. 1, in stomach of Alligator InciuSy from 
Charleston. 
Macraspis [preoccupied in Coleoptei'a'], g. n., P. Olsaon, Act. Lund. 18G0 
(no. 7), p. 2. Allied to Aspidogaster. ‘‘ Corpus elongatum ; scutum ven- 
trale longissimum, septis transversis plurimis et una serie loculorum interme- 
