ECHINOIDEA. 
465 
Crustulum, Troschel, = Verrill ; but C. gratulansy Tr., may be 
distinct from A. mannij Verr. : Troschel, SB. Ver. Rheinl. xxvi. p. 16. 
Echinoneiis. Perrier’s observations on the pedicellariae and ambulacra 
(Ann. Sc. Nat. xiv. ; cf. Zool. llec. vii. pp. 482, 486) are translated, Ann. N. H. 
(4)viii.pp.214&215. 
Echinus. For a popular account of structure, with remarks on the cha- 
racters and position of the groups of the Echinodennata, cf. St. George Mivart, 
Pop. Sc. Rev. ix. pp. 36G-377, pi. 65. 
Spatangus rascliij Loven {cf. Zool. Rec. vi. p. 648). Lov^n’s paper on this 
species was republished, (Efv. Vet. Ak. 1869, pp. 733-736, pi. 13. He adds 
full synonymy and references to S. pmyureus, Miill. 
Amphidotus cordatus. Structure and habits, cf. D. Robertson, Q. J. Micr. 
Sci. xi. pp. 26-27. 
EvechinuSj g. n., Verrill, Tr. Conn. Ac. i. p. 683. Test thick, circular, thickly 
covered with tubercles of various sizes. Spines rather short, tapering, very 
unequal. Ambulacral zones with 2 principal rows of large tubercles ; pori- 
ferous zones not widened below ; pores beneath near the actinal areas arranged 
in obliquely transverse groups of 3 pairs, soon becoming irregular, inner ones 
separated from the others by a vertical row of tubercles, so that throughout 
the greater part of the extent of the zones, both above and below, the pores 
form an inner, nearly regular, vertical row, and 2 in’egularly alternating rows, 
of which the outer is more regular than the median row j pores arranged in 
the latter in a more or less zigzag line. Actinal area small, with shallow 
cuts ; membrane thin, bearing a few scattered, rounded, granulated plates; the 
larger plates near the mouth bear minute spines and very small oval pedi- 
cellarise. Anal area covered by an outer circle of 8 to 10 larger, often spine- 
bearing plates, and an inner converging cluster of smaller plates. Differs from 
Esamniechinus in the arrangement of the pores, and the few and distant plates 
of the actinal membrane : Boleiia lias a thin test, deeper actinal cuts, and no 
tubercles in the middle of the interambulacral areas above, &c. Heliocidaris 
differs in the arrangement of pores, and the zones are expanded beneath. 
Type Echinus chloroticus^ Verrill {—Boletia viridiSj Verrill, which comes from 
New Zealand, not Peru). 
JPseudoholctiaj g. n., Troschel, SB. Ver. Rheinl, xxvi. p. 96. Shell smooth, 
convex, thinly scaled ; tubercles small, always four pairs of pores in each arc ; 
2 eye-plates extending to the periproct ; peristoma with rather deep notches ; 
oral apertures with a large opening and weaker connecting edges. Distin- 
guished from Bohtia by the 4 pairs of pores in each arc. Types P. stenostoma 
■and maculataj spp. nn., id. 1. c.. New Holland. 
Echinocardium pennaiijidum^ sp. n., D. Robertson, P. N. H. Soc. Glasg. i. 
p. 09, Cumbrae, Durham ; figured by Hodge, Tr. North. Durh. iv. pi. 6. fig. 1. 
Pidgimotus africanuSj sp. n., Verrill, l.c. p. 669, Sherborough Island, W, 
Africa. 
Podophora quadriscriata^ sp, n., Troschel, 1. c. xxvi. p. 96. 
IIOLOTHUROIDEA. 
Cucumaria pmtacies^ from Firth of Clyde, briefly described, and spicule 
figured, by Brady & Robertson, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 691, pi. 71. figs. 6 & 6. 
