468 
CCELENTERATA. 
structure and affinities of the CtenophorUj which he maintains to be truly 
Hydrozoa. - 
The structure of the operculum in recent and fossil corals of the genera 
Goniophyllmn, Calceola^ Mhizophyllumj Primnoa, Paramuricea^ Calyptrophora, 
Cyathophyllum^ and Cystiphyllum is compared by G. Lindstrdm, Qllfv. Vet. 
Ak. xxvii. pp. 921-926. In Goniophyllum pyramidale the operculum is 
formed of 4 valves, and the bottom one is analogous to the single lid of Cal- 
ceola and Phizophyllum. Cystiphyllum prismaticum is accustomed to shed its 
operculum and form a new one j and the calyx is closed by several opercular 
valves. In Primnoa and Parammicea there are sometimes 8 valves. He regards 
the opercula of corals as formations of an exothecal nature, to some extent 
homologous with the small scales in the fossil Cyathophyllum loveniy M.-Edw. 
& II. {Pholidophyllmny n. g., Lindstrdm, p. 926, note), and possibly also with 
tlie scales and opercular valves of Primnoa. 
SciiNEiDEu & lloTTKKEN, SB. obeiliess. Oes., hlarch 1871, traiisl. Ann. 
N. II. (4) vii. pp. 437-441, have published their observations on the struc- 
ture of the Actinice and corals. In the Ilexactinice the septa always stand in 
pairs j and 3 kinds may be distinguished, both by the measure pf their radial 
diameter and by their structure. Some or all bear very prominent, thick 
longitudinal muscles, which it is proposed to call ‘Wanes,” oh their inner 
or outer surfaces. In the Octactinice the septa are not placed in pairs ; and 
their vanes are dillerently arranged. Our knowledge of the calcareous la- 
melhc of the corals is still very unsatisfactory. The Haxactinue all possess 
an annular canal, which closely surrounds the mouth (which must not be 
confounded with the apertures of the septa), by which they approach the 
Medus<e more closely than has hitherto been supposed. The so-called 
“ bourses marginales ” of Ilollard prove to be compound eyes, the structure 
of which is described. The muscular structure is too fully described to admit 
of abridgment. 
T. fliNCKS, in a “ Supplement to a Catalogue of the Zoophytes of South 
Devon and South Cornwall,” Ann. N. II. (4) viii. pp. 73-83, pis. 5 & 6, records 
266 species (including Polyzoa) as occurring in the district, as against 241 
known in 1861-1862, Syncoryne eximiuy Calycella fastiyiatay and Haledmn 
sessihy only known previously from N.E. England and W. Scotland, are 
among the most interesting discoveries. 
For list of zoophytes found at Portpatrick, cf. J. Grieve & D. Eobertson, P. N. 
II. Soc. Glasg. i. pp. 33 & 34. 
A few zoophytes dredged off the Blasket Islands, on the Irish coast, are 
noticed by W. Andrews, J. 11. Dubl. Soc. v. p. 479. 
The Sponges, Polypes, &c. obtained by the yacht ‘ Norna ’ off Spain and 
Portugal are briefly noticed by W. S. Kent in ‘Nature,’ and quoted in Am. J. 
Sc. (3) ii. pp. 386-387. 
On various Zoophytes, Eehinoderms, &c. in the aquarium at Pest, cf. K. 
Janos, Term. Kiizl. 1869, pp. 22-29. 
An extraordinary parasite on the eggs of the Sterlet, resembling a fresh- 
water polyp, is described and figured by P. Owsjannikow, Bull. P»§tersb. 
xvii. pp. 104-108. 
For a popular paper, noticing the principal forms of animal life observed on 
the coral-reefs of the lied Sea, cf. C. B. Klunzinger, Verb. z.-b. Wien, xx. 
pp. 389-394. 
