44 
AVES. 
2. Subfossil Birds. In these, are included remains found in kitchen 
middens, lake dwellings, and fens, and with them the extinct gigantic 
birds of New Zealand. 
3. Birds Recently Extirpated. The Dodo and Solitaire come 
under this heading, and other extinct species formerly found in the 
Mascarene Islands. The Great Auk {Alca impennis)^ Fregilupus 
varius, Somateria labradora, and Nestor productus receive their due share 
of attention. 
4. Birds Partially Exterminated. Here the diminishing number 
of several species of birds is dwelt upon. 
5. Geographical Distribution op Birds. Mr. Sclater’s original 
zoo-geographical divisions are adopted, and their boundaries defined, 
with the more recent emendations of later writers. This portion of the 
subject is treated with great precision, but want of space prevents even a 
summary of its contents being here given. 
6. Migration. The facts and theories respecting the migration of 
birds are here discussed. 
The concluding sections, all of which are full of information in a neces- 
sarily concise form, are, 7, SoNG ; 8, Nidification ; 9, Eggs ; and 10, 
Moult. 
Newton, Alfred. Notes on Birds which have been found in Greenland. 
Manual of the Natural History, Geology, and Physics of Greenland, 
&c., prepared for the use of the Arctic Expedition of 1875, under 
the direction of the Arctic Committee of the Royal Society. Lon- 
don; 1875, 8vo, pp. 94-115. 
A very complete account of the birds of Greenland, gleaned from 
the earliest writers, but chiefly from Reinhardt’s paper on this 
subject. Ibis 1861, p. 1 et seq. The names of the stragglers to 
Greenland, the birds that may be looked for in Smithes Sound and 
northwards, and also those that may not be expected to occur beyond 
the Danish settlements, are typographically distinguished. 62 stragglers 
are mentioned as having occurred in Greenland, whilst the number 
that may be called denizens reaches 63. An analysis of the species and 
genera of birds at present found in Greenland shows the relationship of 
the avifauna to those of Europe and America. Not more than 36 
species are expected to be found in Smith’s Sound and to the northward. 
• . Letter adding Corvus corax and Hirmdo rustica to the Birds of 
Spitsbergen. Ibis, 1875, p. 272. 
. Note on Paloeornis exsul. Ibis, 1875, pp. 342 & 343, pi. vii. 
\_Psittaci.~\ 
. Additional Evidence as to the original Fauna of Rodriguez. 
P. Z. S. 1875, pp. 39-43. 
Discusses the MS. referred to supra, p. 42, wherein a precise descrip- 
tion of the island is given, and reference made to the following extinct 
birds : Pezophaps solitarius, Erythromachus leguati, Ardea megacephala, 
and Necropsittacus rodericanus, as well as to other species, including 
