PALEONTOLOGY, USB BY MAN, ETC. 
149 
A list of pliocene shells from the hills near Bologna has been pub- 
lished by L. Foresti, in a separate pamphlet (Bologna : 1874), not seen 
by the Recorder. 
Post-pliocene freshwater shells from the banks of the Irtysch, near 
Omsk, in Siberia, some agreeing with recent species, among them being 
Melania amurensis (Gerstf.), and Corhicula fluminalis (Miill.), in company 
with an extinct species of UniOy described by the Recorder, Z. geol. Ges. 
1874, pp. 741-751, pi. xx. 
Spatha caillaudi (Martens) found by Prof. H. Roemer on the elevated 
plain of the Libyan desert, about 100 feet above the level of the inun- 
dations of the Nile ; SB. nat. Fr. 1875, p. 22. 
Post-pliocene shells from Hayti described by W. Gabb, Tr. Am. Phil. 
Soc. (n.s.) XV. [1873] pp. 200-259, including the following new genera: — 
Planorhella^ p. 201, Metulella, p. 206, Glyphostoma, p. 209, Ectracheliisa ^ 
p. 213, Plochelcea, p. 216, lopsis, p. 227, Orthaulax and Dolophanes, p. 234, 
Actceonidea and Cychlinella^ p. 245, Bothrocorhula and Neceromya, p. 247, 
and many new species. 
Use hy Man and Acclimatization, 
J. Wyman gives a full description of the freshwater shell-mounds on 
the St. John’s river, Florida, from which the following particulars are 
extracted : — “ The mounds of the sea-coast extend around the shores of 
the whole peninsula of Florida, and in certain places are of gigantic 
proportions . They are composed exclusively of marine species, mostly 
of oysters on the Atlantic, but on the gulf coast of several species be- 
longing to different genera, as Ostrea, Busycouy Strombusy Fasciolaria, 
Carduim, &c. The mounds of the river, on the contrary, consist exclu- 
sively of freshwater species, viz., Ampullaria depressa (Say), Paludina 
multilineata (Say), and TJnio huckleyi (Lea). The Paludina forms by 
far the largest portion of every mound, and, with a few Unios, the whole 
of some. Either of the above-mentioned species, however, instead of 
being promiscuously mingled with the rest, as is generally the case, may 
be found forming considerable deposits by themselves, without the ad- 
mixture of the others, as if at certain times they had been exclusively 
used as food.” Several implements made of shell are found in thes6 fresh- 
water shell-mounds, “ they are all made from marine species, and almost 
exclusively of Siromhus gigas, Busycon carica, and B. perversa ; ” the 
more remarkable among them are “ two kinds of chisel-shaped tools,” 
“drinking shells made from the Busycon perversa, from which the in- 
terior whorls are removed, the mouth enlarged, and the broken edges 
ground smooth ; the beak answering the purpose of either a handle or a 
spout,” and “ perforated shells,” being wrought specimens of Busycon 
carica, converted into an instrument of not apparent use by grinding off 
the beak obliquely and by drilling a hole through the base of the shell in 
the last turn, and hot far from the aperture.” “ The traffic in the said 
shells must have been very large, especially in B. perversa, since the ob- 
jects made from them found their way not only through the interior of 
Florida, but up the Mississippi and its tributaries, and also . to the great 
