BRACHIOPODA, TUNICATA. 
207 
Contributions to Faunas. 
61 species of Bryozoa^ and 14 of Tunicata^ observed at St. Andrews, 
are enumerated by W. C. Macintosh, Marine Invertebrata of St. An- 
drews, pp. 40-56. . 
Several new localities for Crania anomala (Miill.), Rhynchonella 
paittacea (Gmel.), TerehratuUna caput-serpentia (L.), and Waldheimia 
craw^wm (Miill.), in the North Sea, are given by A. Metzger, in Ber. 
Unters. Ppmmerania, p. 230. 
55 species of Bryozoa collected in various parts of the North Sea 
during the expedition of the German steamer Pommerania in 1872, are 
enumerated, with their synonymy and a comparative table of their 
generic and specific characters, by Kirchenpauer, tom. cit. pp. 173-196. 
6 species of Bryozoa, viz., Criaia ehurnea (L.), Alcyonidium gelatino- 
aum (Miill.) and mytili (Pal.), Memhranipora lineata (L.) and^^’Zosa (L.), 
and 4 species of Tunicata, viz., Molgula macrosiphonia (Kupf.), Cynthia 
groasularia (Bened.), rustica (L.), and Ascidia canina (Miill.), occur in 
the inlet of Travemiinde, Baltic ; H. Lenz, Die wirbellosen Thiere der 
Travemiinder Bucht, i. p. 13. 
Note on dredging off Brest in 120-180 metres by Commr. Yignes, 
enumerating Eschara foliacea (Ellis), Cellaria fistulata (L.) and Celle- 
pora tuberosa (Orb.) ; P. Fischer, J, Zool. iv. p. 299. 
Several Bryozoa found attached to the Falmouth and Lisbon cable at 
depths ranging from 85 to 205 fathoms are enumerated by A. M. Nor- 
man, Ann. N. H. (4) xv. pp. 171 & 172. 
The 10 known Brachiopods of the Mediterranean are enumerated by 
Monterosato, Atti Acc. Palerm. 1875, p. 7. 
Caspian Sea. Bowerbanhia densa (Faire), found by 0. Grimm, Z. 
wiss. Zool. XXV. p. 322. 
BRACHIOPODA. 
. Discina radiata (Dunker, 1861) on Area umbonata (Lam.) from Des- 
terro, S. Brazil ; Dunker, JB. mal. Ges. ii. p. 254. 
TUNICATA. 
Usso’w’s “ Untersuchungen fiber den Bau und der Entwicklung der 
Tunicaten,*’ referred to in Zool. Rec. xi. pp. 192 & 195, are translated in 
Ann. N. H. (4) xv. pp. 321-333, and may be summarized as follows:-— In 
Appendicularia, the plan of structure of the nervous system is in some 
degree like that of Ascidians ; the nervous system of Pyrosoma may be 
regarded as a transitional form between the transformed nervous system 
of the adult Ascidians and the type of structure in the Salpce and 
Cyclomyaria. The so-called ciliated pit in Salpa, Doliolum, Pyrosoma, 
&c., is combined with a special nerve, and is to be regarded as an olfac- 
tory organ. The so-called ocelli of' Ascidians represent the eyes of 
the lower Crustacea and Vermes \ the compound eyes of Salpa sxq 
