TUNICATA. 
209 
stages of development, in a communication to the Scientific Congress at 
Lille, 1874, briefly indicated by Gervais, J. Zool. iv. p. 437. 
Ascidiidje. 
Semper has observed the development within the egg in Molgula 
nana (Kupf.), Phallusia pedunculata (Hoffm.), Cynthia depresm (Frey & 
Leuck.), and Clavelina vitrea (Frey & Leuck.), and comes to the conclu- 
sion that the so-called testa-cells (or rather, testa-drops, as they contain 
no nucleus) come from the envelope of the egg, and have nothing to do 
with the formation of the mantle ; the latter is to be regarded as of true 
epidermic nature, with abundant intercellular substance. Verh. Ges. 
Wiirzb. (2) viii. pp. 63-86, pis. iii. & iv. ; Arb. Inst. Wiirzb. ii. pp. 1-24, 
pis. i. & ii. 
Lacaze Duthiers makes some observations concerning the origin of 
the vessels in the mantle of the simple Ascidians ; C. R. Ixxx. pp. 600- 
603. 
Cynthia echinata (Miill.), woodcut ; Macintosh, Mar. Invertebr. of St. 
Andrews, p. 62. 
A scidia sordida (Hanc.) ; id. 1. c. p. 53, pi. ix. figs. 1 & 2. 
Ascidia involuta and reptans, spp. nn., 0. Heller, Denk. Ak. Wien, 
xxxiv. pp. 114 & 116, pi. iii. figs. 4, 5, & 6, 7, Dalmatia. 
Ascidia fumigata (Grube), virginea (Miill.), mamillata (CuV.), and 
prunum (Miill.), described and figured, with anatomical observations ; 
id. 1. c. pp. 107-114, pis. i., ii., & iii. figs. 1-3. 
Parascidia flemingi (A.lder) ; Macintosh, 1. c. p. 53, pi. ix. fig. 3. 
Ciona intestinalis (L.), outside and anatomy described from Adriatic 
specimens; C. Heller,' 1. c. pp. 117-120, pi. iii. figs. 8 & 9, pis. iv. & v. 
C. canina (L.), common in the Northern seas, is distinguished from it 
only by the colour ; id. 1. c. p. 120. 
Rhodosoma callense (Lacaze Duthiers), found at Lesina, in Dalmatia, 
by G. Buchich, and described by 0. Heller, 1. c. pp. 120-122, pi. vi. 
Pelonosa corrugata (Forbes & Goodsir), Macintosh, 1. c. pi. ii. fig. 10. 
Molgula. Observations on their reproduction, the parent disappearing 
at the close of the summer, and only the eggs remaining, and on the first 
development of the larvae, which never swim, by Lacaze Duthiers, 0. R. 
Ixxx. pp. 600 & 1066 ; R. Z. (3) iii. pp. xi. & xvii. 
Olavelinidje. 
Clavelina lepadiformis (Miill.), Macintosh, 1. c. p. 64, woodcut, and 
pi. ii. fig. 9. 
Perophora listeri (Wiegm.), found in the Mediterranean (Trieste and 
Naples), and its multiplication by eggs and buds described ; A. Kowa- 
lewsky. Rev. Montp. Sept. 1874, 3 pis. 
Boteyllidji. 
Botryllus violaceus ; development observed by Reichert [swprd, p. 208]. 
1875 . [voL. XII.] P . 
