LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 
237 
to October, 1874, in Berwickshire find Northumberland by Mr. James 
Hardy. P. Berw. Club, vii. pp. 307-323. 
The list contains 160 species of Araneidea^ distributed among 42 
genera ; three species are recorded as new to Britain, and three others as 
new to science. Three of the genera {LinypTiia^ Neriene^ and Walck- 
enaerd) monopolize together 87 species. The Phalangidea comprise 
two species only. 
Canestrini, Giovanni. Caratteri sessuali secondarii degli Aracnidi. 
Atti Soc. Pad. i. [1873] pp. 184-188. 
These characters are considered to be, 1st, Size, the female being 
greater than the male ; 2nd, Colour, ihQ difference between the sexes in 
this respect rarely great ; 3rd, Palpi, the difference between the sexes 
of some (as in ih.Q Araneidea) marvellous ; 4th, Falces, difference in some 
spiders very great ; 6th, Form of Cephalothorax, difference occasionally 
great, as in Walchenaera, Bl. ; 6th, Legs, differing much in length and 
armature ; 7th, A hdomen, generally larger in the females ; in Scorpions 
the lamellae . of the pectens differ. The object of these differences is 
accounted for. 
— ■ — . Nuove specie Italiane di Aracnidi. Op. cit. ii. [1873] pp. 45-52. 
Describes 6 new species of various families and genera of Araneidea, 
and 2 new species of two genera of Phalangids. 
. Intorno ai Chernetidi ed Opilionidi della Calabria. Atti Soc. 
Pad. “ Ottobre, 1875 ” [no vol. or fasc. mentioned], pp. 1-12. 
Enumerates 4 species of Chernetides (Eoncus, 1 ; CJithonius, 2 ; Obi- 
sium, 1) and 19 species of Opilionides (Ischyropsalis, 1 ; Nemastoma, 2 ; 
Liohunum, 2 ; Liodes, 1 ; AcantholopTius, 1 ; Platylophus, 1 ; Cerastoma, 1 ; 
Opilio, 5; Trogulus, 3^ Dicranolasma, 1; Amopaum, 1). 
. Catalogo degli Araneidi del Trentino : in Intorno alia Fauna del 
Trentino. L. c. pp. 25-34. 
The author, who has specially studied the Arachnida- with Prof. 
Pavesi, records 243 spp. of Araneidea, 15 of Opilionides, and 6 Pseudo- 
scorpions, from the Trentino. 
Emerton, J. H. On the Structure of the Palpal Organs of Male 
Spiders. P. Bost. Soc. xvii. pp. 605-607 (with two woodcuts). 
The progress of knowledge as to the real function of the palpal 
organs of male spiders is traced (from Treviranus, 1802, to Hermann, 
1868, through the writings of Lyonet, 1829, Menge, 1843, and Bennett, 
1851), and their essential structure is stated to be similar in all 
spiders, consisting of a bulb prolonged into a hollow tube, within which 
is a sac narrowed to the orifice of the tube. The sac and its continua- 
tion varies greatly in length and in its convolutions in different spiders, 
as well as in the corneous processes and spines connected with the bulb 
and tube arising from it. The fecundating fluid is taken up by the 
spider into the bulb and communicated to the female parts through the 
orifice at the end of the tube, which thus acts as a penis. 
